Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is true regarding T cells?

• A. They are only seen in individuals with leukemia.
• B. They are a specialized type of white blood cell.
• C. They mature in the thymus.
• D. They play a role in the immune response.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: T cells are a specialized type of white blood cell that play a crucial role in the immune response. They are produced in the bone marrow and mature in the thymus gland. T cells help coordinate and regulate the immune response to pathogens and foreign substances by interacting with other immune cells. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. T cells are not exclusively seen in individuals with leukemia; they are a normal component of the immune system found in healthy individuals. While it is true that T cells are a specialized type of white blood cell, the key characteristic being tested in this question is their role in the immune response. Lastly, T cells do mature in the thymus, but this alone does not encompass the full scope of their function in the immune system.

2. Where does sperm production occur?

• A. Prostate gland
• B. Seminal vesicles
• C. Scrotum
• D. Seminiferous tubules

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Sperm production occurs in the seminiferous tubules within the testes. These tubules are responsible for spermatogenesis, the process of sperm creation. The prostate gland and seminal vesicles contribute to seminal fluid production, while the scrotum houses the testes but does not produce sperm. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they are not sites for sperm production.

3. Which nervous system controls the involuntary 'fight-or-flight' response?

• A. Sympathetic nervous system
• B. Parasympathetic nervous system
• C. Enteric nervous system
• D. Sensory nervous system

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is the sympathetic nervous system. The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for activating the body's response to stress or danger, leading to the 'fight-or-flight' response. It prepares the body for action by increasing heart rate, dilating pupils, and redirecting blood flow to muscles. Choice B, the parasympathetic nervous system, is responsible for the body's 'rest-and-digest' activities, which are opposite to the 'fight-or-flight' response. Choice C, the enteric nervous system, primarily regulates the gastrointestinal system and is not directly involved in the 'fight-or-flight' response. Choice D, the sensory nervous system, transmits sensory information from the body to the central nervous system and is not responsible for the physiological changes associated with the 'fight-or-flight' response.

4. What is the sensory threshold?

• A. The smallest amount of stimulus required for an individual to feel a sensation
• B. The amount of stimulus required for an individual to feel pain
• C. The amount of stimulus required to cause an individual to move away from the stimulus
• D. The place from which the stimulus is coming

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The sensory threshold refers to the smallest amount of stimulus required for an individual to perceive or feel a sensation. It is the minimum level of stimulus intensity that is detectable by an individual. Choice B is incorrect because the sensory threshold is not specifically related to feeling pain but rather to perceiving any sensation. Choice C is incorrect as the sensory threshold is about perception and not necessarily physical reaction. Choice D is incorrect as it describes the source of the stimulus, not the threshold for perception.

5. What is the building block of RNA?

• A. Amino acid
• B. Nucleotide
• C. Protein
• D. Fatty acid

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Nucleotide: Nucleotides are the building blocks of RNA. A nucleotide consists of a nitrogenous base (adenine, guanine, cytosine, or uracil in RNA), a sugar (ribose in RNA), and a phosphate group. A) Amino acid: Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, not RNA. C) Protein: Proteins are made up of amino acids, not nucleotides. D) Fatty acid: Fatty acids are components of lipids, not RNA.

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