Nursing Elites

1. In ecology, what defines a closed system?

• A. Exchanges energy but not matter
• B. Exchanges both energy and matter
• C. Exchanges neither energy nor matter
• D. Recycles nutrients efficiently

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In ecology, a closed system is one that does not exchange matter with its surroundings but can exchange energy. This means that while energy can enter or leave the system, the amount of matter within the system remains constant. Option A correctly defines a closed system in ecology. Choices B and C are incorrect as a closed system does not exchange matter or energy. Option D is unrelated to the concept of a closed system in ecology.

2. Which part of the hair is not attached to the follicle?

• A. Bulb
• B. Root
• C. Shaft
• D. Strand

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, 'Shaft.' The hair shaft is the part of the hair that extends above the skin surface and is not attached to the follicle. The bulb and root are parts that are connected to the follicle as they are located below the skin surface and play a role in hair growth. The strand, on the other hand, refers to a single hair fiber and is not a distinct part of the hair anatomy.

3. Which of the following conditions is characterized by a wasting or decrease in muscle mass?

• A. Hypertrophy
• B. Atrophy
• C. Spasticity
• D. Myopathy

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Atrophy is the correct answer as it is characterized by a wasting or decrease in muscle mass. Hypertrophy, on the other hand, refers to an increase in muscle size. Spasticity is associated with increased muscle tone due to continuous contraction of muscles. Myopathy, on the other hand, is a broad term used to describe various muscle diseases affecting muscle tissue, which may or may not involve muscle wasting.

4. Which structure in the body is responsible for producing testosterone?

• A. Adrenal glands
• B. Pituitary gland
• C. Testes
• D. Pancreas

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Testes. The testes are responsible for producing testosterone, the hormone that plays a crucial role in male secondary sexual characteristics such as facial hair, deepening of the voice, and muscle development. The adrenal glands primarily produce cortisol and aldosterone, not testosterone. The pituitary gland regulates hormone production in various glands, including the testes, but it does not directly produce testosterone. The pancreas is responsible for producing insulin and glucagon to regulate blood sugar levels, not testosterone.

5. What is the primary function of the strong nuclear force?

• A. Binding electrons in atomic orbitals
• B. Binding protons and neutrons within the nucleus
• C. Mediating the attractive force between opposite charges
• D. Mediating the repulsive force between like charges

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The strong nuclear force primarily functions to bind protons and neutrons within the nucleus. It is responsible for overcoming the electrostatic repulsion between positively charged protons, holding the nucleus together. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the strong nuclear force specifically acts on nucleons (protons and neutrons) within the nucleus, not on electrons in atomic orbitals or charges outside the nucleus.

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