Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood?

• A. White blood cells
• B. Red blood cells
• C. Platelets
• D. Plasma

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Red blood cells are responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood. Hemoglobin, a protein found in red blood cells, binds to oxygen in the lungs and carries it to tissues throughout the body. White blood cells are involved in the immune system's defense mechanisms against infections, platelets help in blood clotting, and plasma is the liquid component of blood that carries various substances like nutrients, hormones, and waste products.

2. According to the periodic table, which of the following elements is the least reactive?

• A. Fluorine
• B. Silicon
• C. Neon
• D. Gallium

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Neon is the least reactive among the given elements because it belongs to the noble gases group in the periodic table. Noble gases have a full valence shell of electrons, making them highly stable and least likely to react with other elements. Fluorine is the most reactive non-metal due to its high electronegativity. Silicon is a metalloid with moderate reactivity, falling between metals and nonmetals. Gallium is a metal with higher reactivity compared to Neon, but it is not as reactive as Fluorine.

3. What type of energy is stored in food?

• A. Mechanical energy
• B. Kinetic energy
• C. Chemical potential energy
• D. Thermal energy

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Food stores energy in the form of chemical potential energy. This energy is released during digestion and metabolism to provide the body with the energy it needs to function. It is derived from the bonds within the molecules of food, such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Choice A, mechanical energy, is incorrect as food does not store energy in the form of mechanical energy. Choice B, kinetic energy, is incorrect as kinetic energy is associated with the motion of objects, not stored in food. Choice D, thermal energy, is incorrect as thermal energy relates to heat energy, which is not the primary form of energy stored in food.

4. What is the difference between constructive and destructive interference of waves?

• A. They have different effects on wave amplitude.
• B. Constructive interference increases amplitude, while destructive interference decreases it.
• C. They affect wave amplitudes differently depending on the wave type.
• D. Their impact is determined by the relative phase of the waves, not wave speed or amplitude.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Constructive interference and destructive interference are two phenomena that occur when waves interact. Constructive interference leads to an increase in wave amplitude when two waves meet in phase, resulting in the alignment of peaks and troughs. This alignment results in the combined wave having a higher amplitude. On the other hand, destructive interference causes a decrease in amplitude as two waves meet out of phase, leading to their cancellation. When peaks align with troughs, they cancel each other out, resulting in a lower overall amplitude. This difference in effect on wave amplitude distinguishes between constructive and destructive interference. Choice A is incorrect because it does not specify the direction of change in amplitude for each type of interference. Choice C is incorrect as both constructive and destructive interference can occur in various types of waves, not affecting them differently based on wave type. Choice D is incorrect because while the relative phase of waves does determine the interference type, it is the amplitude that is affected by constructive and destructive interference, not the wave speed.

5. Which level of protein structure is defined by the folds and coils of the protein's polypeptide backbone?

• A. Primary
• B. Secondary
• C. Tertiary
• D. Quaternary

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Secondary. The secondary structure of a protein is defined by the folds and coils of the protein's polypeptide backbone. This level of structure is characterized by the formation of alpha helices and beta sheets, which are stabilized by hydrogen bonds between amino acids along the polypeptide chain. Choice A, Primary, refers to the linear sequence of amino acids in the protein. Choice C, Tertiary, involves the 3D folding of the entire polypeptide chain. Choice D, Quaternary, pertains to the arrangement of multiple polypeptide subunits in a protein complex.

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