Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is NOT a function of the cardiovascular system?

• A. Transporting oxygen to cells
• B. Maintaining blood pressure
• C. Carrying waste products to the kidneys for removal
• D. Initiating the immune response

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The cardiovascular system is responsible for transporting oxygen to cells (A), maintaining blood pressure (B), and carrying waste products to the kidneys for removal (C). Initiating the immune response (D) is not a function of the cardiovascular system. The immune response is primarily carried out by the immune system, which includes organs like the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes. Therefore, option D is the correct answer as it pertains to a function outside the scope of the cardiovascular system, making it the odd one out among the given choices.

2. Which of the following is the smallest part of an element that can still be recognized as that element?

• A. Electron
• B. Proton
• C. Neutron
• D. Atom

Correct answer: D

Rationale: An atom is the smallest unit of matter that retains the chemical properties of an element. It consists of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons that orbit the nucleus. The number of protons in the nucleus defines the atomic number of the element, and the number of neutrons determines the isotope of the element. While electrons, protons, and neutrons are fundamental particles, an atom as a whole is the smallest part of an element that maintains its unique identity. Electrons are negatively charged particles orbiting the nucleus, protons are positively charged particles in the nucleus, and neutrons are neutral particles in the nucleus. Therefore, the correct answer is 'D: Atom.'

3. What type of energy does a stretched rubber band possess?

• A. Kinetic energy
• B. Potential energy
• C. Thermal energy
• D. Mechanical energy

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When a rubber band is stretched, it stores potential energy due to its position or configuration. This potential energy can be converted into kinetic energy when the rubber band is released and returns to its original shape. Therefore, the correct answer is potential energy, as the energy is stored in the stretched rubber band and can be released upon returning to its original state. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because kinetic energy is associated with motion, thermal energy is related to heat, and mechanical energy is a broader category that includes both potential and kinetic energy.

4. Which of the following substances can donate a hydroxide ion (OH-) in solution?

• A. Salt
• B. Base
• C. Neutral compound
• D. Dehydrating agent

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Base. A base is a substance that can donate hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution. Bases increase the concentration of hydroxide ions by either accepting protons (H+) or donating hydroxide ions. Salts are ionic compounds made of cations and anions, which do not directly donate hydroxide ions. Neutral compounds do not significantly affect the concentration of hydroxide ions. Dehydrating agents are substances that remove water molecules from other compounds, unrelated to donating hydroxide ions.

5. What is the primary function of the endocrine system?

• A. To fight infection
• B. To transport oxygen
• C. To regulate body functions through hormones
• D. To break down food

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'To regulate body functions through hormones.' The endocrine system is responsible for producing and secreting hormones that help regulate various body functions such as growth, metabolism, reproduction, and mood. It does not primarily function to fight infection (A), transport oxygen (B), or break down food (D). While the immune system fights infection, the respiratory system transports oxygen, and the digestive system breaks down food, the main role of the endocrine system is to maintain homeostasis by coordinating and controlling bodily functions through the release of hormones.

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