Nursing Elites

1. During a scientific investigation, what is intentionally changed or manipulated?

• A. The dependent variable.
• B. The control.
• C. The hypothesis.
• D. The independent variable.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: During a scientific investigation, the independent variable is intentionally changed or manipulated by the researcher to observe its impact or effect on the dependent variable. The independent variable is the one being tested or studied to see how it influences the dependent variable. In contrast, the dependent variable is the outcome or response that is measured in an experiment and is expected to change as a result of the manipulation of the independent variable. Choices A, B, and C are not directly altered during a scientific investigation but play different roles in the research process. Therefore, the correct answer is D - the independent variable.

2. What happens to the momentum of an object when there is no external force acting upon it?

• A. Momentum increases
• B. Momentum decreases
• C. Momentum remains constant
• D. Momentum becomes zero

Correct answer: C

Rationale: When there is no external force acting upon an object, the law of conservation of momentum dictates that the momentum of the object remains constant. This means that the momentum does not increase or decrease; it stays the same. Choice A is incorrect because momentum does not increase. Choice B is incorrect because momentum does not decrease. Choice D is incorrect as momentum does not become zero; it remains constant as per the conservation law. Therefore, the correct answer is C, as the object's momentum is unchanged in the absence of external forces.

3. Which part of the brain controls the coordination of muscle movements?

• A. Cerebrum
• B. Cerebellum
• C. Thalamus
• D. Medulla oblongata

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The cerebellum is the part of the brain responsible for controlling the coordination of muscle movements and helping to maintain balance. It receives information from the sensory systems, the spinal cord, and other parts of the brain to regulate voluntary movements. The cerebrum (choice A) is primarily responsible for higher brain functions such as thinking and decision-making, not muscle coordination. The thalamus (choice C) acts as a relay station for sensory information but is not directly involved in muscle coordination. The medulla oblongata (choice D) is responsible for regulating vital autonomic functions like breathing and heart rate, rather than muscle coordination.

4. What phenomenon is responsible for the mirage effect seen in deserts?

• A. Diffraction
• B. Refraction
• C. Interference
• D. Polarization

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Refraction is the bending of light as it passes from one medium to another of different density. In deserts, the temperature gradient causes light to bend, creating the mirage effect where distant objects appear distorted or displaced. Diffraction refers to the bending of light around obstacles or apertures, not the cause of mirages. Interference involves the superposition of two or more waves, which is not the mechanism behind mirages. Polarization refers to the orientation of light waves in a specific plane and is not responsible for the mirage effect in deserts. Therefore, the correct answer is refraction.

5. Which plane divides the body into superior (top) and inferior (bottom) halves?

• A. Sagittal/Median Plane
• B. Frontal/Coronal Plane
• C. Transverse/Cross-Section Plane
• D. Horizontal Plane

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The Transverse or Cross-Section Plane is the correct answer as it divides the body into superior (top) and inferior (bottom) halves. This plane runs horizontally across the body, perpendicular to the long axis, separating the body into upper and lower sections. Choice A, the Sagittal/Median Plane, divides the body into left and right halves, not superior and inferior halves. Choice B, the Frontal/Coronal Plane, divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) halves. Choice D, the Horizontal Plane, is not a standard anatomical plane used to divide the body into specific sections.

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