Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is an example of a zoonotic disease?

• A. The common cold
• B. Influenza (the flu)
• C. Malaria
• D. HIV/AIDS

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A zoonotic disease is a disease that can be transmitted from animals to humans. Influenza is an example of a zoonotic disease as it can be transmitted from animals such as birds and pigs to humans. The common cold (option A) is caused by human rhinoviruses and is not considered a zoonotic disease. Malaria (option C) is transmitted through the bite of infected mosquitoes and is not considered a zoonotic disease. HIV/AIDS (option D) is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus and is not considered a zoonotic disease.

2. What is the process by which RNA molecules are modified after transcription but before translation?

• A. Replication
• B. Splicing
• C. Editing
• D. Packaging

Correct answer: B

Rationale: B) Splicing is the correct answer. Splicing is the process by which non-coding regions (introns) are removed from pre-mRNA, and the remaining coding regions (exons) are joined together to form mature mRNA. This modification occurs after transcription but before translation. A) Replication is incorrect as replication is the process by which DNA is copied to produce a new DNA molecule, not RNA modifications. C) Editing may involve RNA editing, but it is not commonly used to describe the modification of RNA molecules after transcription. D) Packaging is not the correct term as it refers to the condensation and organization of DNA into chromatin in eukaryotic cells, not the modification of RNA molecules.

3. What is the role of enzymes in the body?

• A. To transport oxygen
• B. To speed up chemical reactions
• C. To regulate body temperature
• D. To store energy

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Enzymes act as biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in the body. They lower the activation energy required for reactions to occur, thus facilitating processes like digestion, metabolism, and other essential functions. Choice A is incorrect as the transportation of oxygen is primarily carried out by red blood cells. Choice C is incorrect as the regulation of body temperature involves mechanisms such as sweating and shivering. Choice D is incorrect as energy storage is mainly performed by molecules like glycogen and triglycerides.

4. What are the constituents of an atomic nucleus?

• A. Electrons and protons only
• B. Protons and neutrons only
• C. Electrons, protons, and neutrons
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Protons and neutrons only. Electrons are located outside the nucleus in electron shells. Protons and neutrons are the subatomic particles found within the nucleus of an atom. Protons carry a positive charge, while neutrons are neutral. These particles contribute to the mass and stability of the nucleus. Choice A is incorrect because electrons are not part of the nucleus. Choice C is incorrect as electrons are not found within the nucleus, only protons and neutrons. Choice D is incorrect as protons and neutrons are indeed constituents of an atomic nucleus.

5. Acids are generally characterized by a sour taste and the ability to:

• A. Turn litmus paper red
• B. Conduct electricity in solution
• C. Neutralize bases
• D. React explosively with metals

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Acids are known for their sour taste and their ability to neutralize bases, which is a defining characteristic of their acidic nature. When acids neutralize bases, salts and water are formed, highlighting the unique property of acids. The other options are incorrect: Option A, 'Turn litmus paper red,' is a test for acidity but not a defining characteristic of acids; Option B, 'Conduct electricity in solution,' pertains to the electrolytic properties of acids rather than their defining trait; Option D, 'React explosively with metals,' is not a general characteristic of acids. Therefore, the correct feature associated with acids is their capability to neutralize bases, making option C, 'Neutralize bases,' the correct answer.

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