Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is a common sign of dehydration in infants?

• A. Frequent urination
• B. Sunken fontanelle
• C. Excessive drooling
• D. Increased appetite

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A sunken fontanelle is a common sign of dehydration in infants. The fontanelle is the soft spot on an infant's head where the skull bones have not yet fused. When an infant is dehydrated, the fontanelle can appear sunken or indented. It is important for caregivers and healthcare providers to recognize this sign promptly to ensure timely intervention and hydration for the infant.

2. What is the purpose of a population pyramid?

• A. To show the distribution of income levels
• B. To illustrate the age and sex composition of a population
• C. To compare the incidence of diseases
• D. To display the literacy rates

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A population pyramid is a graphical illustration that shows the age and sex composition of a population. It displays the percentage or number of individuals in different age groups and gender categories. This tool helps in understanding the demographic structure of a population, including aspects such as birth rates, death rates, life expectancy, and dependency ratios.

3. Which level of health facility is the usual point of entry for a client into the healthcare delivery system?

• A. Primary
• B. Secondary
• C. Intermediate
• D. Tertiary

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The primary level of health facility is the usual point of entry for a client into the healthcare delivery system. This level typically involves initial consultations, preventive care, and basic treatment services. Clients often start their healthcare journey at the primary level before being referred to higher levels of care if needed.

4. What is the primary purpose of administering Vitamin K to newborns?

• A. To prevent infection
• B. To promote growth
• C. To prevent bleeding disorders
• D. To enhance immune function

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Vitamin K is administered to newborns primarily to prevent bleeding disorders. Newborns have low levels of Vitamin K at birth, which can lead to a condition called vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB). Administering Vitamin K helps prevent this potentially life-threatening bleeding disorder.

5. During a home visit, the PHN bag is a crucial tool for providing nursing care. The most important principle in bag technique states that it:

• A. Should save time and effort
• B. Should minimize, if not totally prevent, the spread of infection
• C. Should not overshadow concern for the patient and their family
• D. May be done in a variety of ways depending on the home situation

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The bag technique is a vital practice to prevent the transmission of infections to and from the client during home visits. By following proper bag technique procedures, nurses can minimize, if not entirely prevent, the spread of infections between themselves and their clients, ensuring a safe care environment.

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