Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following substances has an acidic pH?

• A. Lemon juice
• B. Blood
• C. Urine
• D. Salt water

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, Lemon juice, which has an acidic pH typically around 2 due to its citric acid content. Blood, urine, and salt water are not typically acidic in nature. Blood has a slightly basic pH, urine can vary but is usually slightly acidic to neutral, and salt water is neutral to slightly alkaline. Lemon juice is a commonly known acidic substance, often used in cooking and cleaning due to its acidic properties.

2. Electroencephalography (EEG) measures electrical activity in the brain, primarily reflecting the activity of:

• A. Neurons
• B. Astrocytes
• C. Oligodendrocytes
• D. Microglia

Correct answer: A

Rationale: EEG measures electrical activity in the brain, primarily reflecting the activity of neurons. Neurons are the primary cells responsible for generating electrical impulses and transmitting information in the brain. Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia are other types of cells in the brain that have different functions and are not primarily involved in generating the electrical activity measured by EEG. Astrocytes support neuronal function, oligodendrocytes produce myelin to insulate axons, and microglia are involved in immune responses and maintaining brain health, but they do not generate the electrical impulses detected by EEG.

3. What is the scientific term for the involuntary rhythmic contraction and relaxation of the heart muscle?

• A. Peristalsis
• B. Myogenesis
• C. Myocardial contractility
• D. Systole and diastole

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Systole and diastole. Systole and diastole are the two phases of the cardiac cycle where the heart muscle contracts (systole) and relaxes (diastole) rhythmically to pump blood throughout the body. This rhythmic process ensures proper blood circulation by pumping blood to the lungs and the rest of the body. Peristalsis, on the other hand, refers to the involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscles in the gastrointestinal tract, aiding in the movement of food and waste. Myogenesis is the process of muscle tissue formation, and myocardial contractility pertains to the heart muscle's ability to contract efficiently.

4. Which of the following is an example of an aromatic hydrocarbon?

• A. Ethane
• B. Benzene
• C. Propane
• D. Butene

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Benzene is indeed an example of an aromatic hydrocarbon. Aromatic hydrocarbons are characterized by having a cyclic structure with alternating single and double bonds (pi bonds). Benzene fits this description, making it aromatic. On the other hand, ethane, propane, and butene are aliphatic hydrocarbons, which do not have the distinct cyclic structure of aromatic hydrocarbons. Ethane, propane, and butene are aliphatic hydrocarbons, which contain only single bonds and are not cyclic in nature. Therefore, they are not examples of aromatic hydrocarbons.

5. Which part of the brainstem is responsible for controlling vital functions such as heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing?

• A. Medulla oblongata
• B. Pons
• C. Midbrain
• D. Cerebellum

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The medulla oblongata is the correct answer. It is responsible for controlling vital functions such as heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing. This part of the brainstem contains centers that regulate these essential autonomic functions to maintain homeostasis in the body. The pons and midbrain are also parts of the brainstem, but they are not primarily responsible for controlling these vital functions. The cerebellum, on the other hand, is involved in coordination and balance, not in regulating vital functions like heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing.

Similar Questions