Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following functions is not controlled by the autonomic nervous system?

• A. Digestion
• B. Walking
• C. Heartbeat
• D. Temperature regulation

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Walking. Walking is not directly controlled by the autonomic nervous system. Walking is a voluntary action governed by the somatic nervous system, which controls voluntary skeletal muscle movement. The autonomic nervous system, on the other hand, regulates functions that are involuntary, such as digestion, heartbeat, and temperature regulation. Choices A, C, and D are all functions controlled by the autonomic nervous system. Digestion involves processes like peristalsis and secretion of digestive enzymes, heartbeat is regulated by the autonomic nervous system to maintain blood pressure and circulation, and temperature regulation includes responses like sweating or shivering to maintain body temperature within a narrow range.

2. Which sexually transmitted infection (STI) can potentially cause infertility in both men and women if left untreated?

• A. Human papillomavirus (HPV)
• B. Chlamydia
• C. Gonorrhea
• D. Syphilis

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Chlamydia is the correct answer because if left untreated, it can lead to serious complications such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in women and epididymitis in men, both of which can cause infertility. Chlamydia is a common sexually transmitted infection that often presents with no symptoms, making it important for individuals to get tested regularly, especially if they are sexually active. It is crucial to detect and treat Chlamydia early to prevent long-term consequences such as infertility. Human papillomavirus (HPV) can lead to genital warts and certain types of cancer but is not typically associated with infertility. Gonorrhea and syphilis can cause serious health problems if untreated, but infertility is more commonly associated with Chlamydia.

3. What is the term used to describe the inability of the kidneys to effectively filter waste products from the blood?

• A. Dehydration
• B. Kidney failure
• C. Incontinence
• D. Nephritis

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Kidney failure is the term used to describe the inability of the kidneys to effectively filter waste products from the blood. Dehydration refers to insufficient fluid intake and not the kidney's filtering function. Incontinence is the loss of bladder control, not related to kidney filtration. Nephritis is the inflammation of the kidneys, not specifically related to the kidneys' inability to filter waste products.

4. Which of the following describes a situation in which research results are consistent with every subsequent experiment, but the test used in the experiment does not measure what it claims to measure?

• A. reliable, but not valid
• B. valid, but not reliable
• C. neither reliable nor valid
• D. both reliable and valid

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, 'reliable, but not valid.' In this scenario, the research results are consistent in every subsequent experiment, indicating reliability. However, the test used does not measure what it claims to measure, leading to a lack of validity in the results. Choice B, 'valid, but not reliable,' would imply that the test consistently measures what it claims but the results are not consistent, which is not the case here. Choice C, 'neither reliable nor valid,' would suggest that the results are neither consistent nor relevant, which does not align with the provided scenario. Choice D, 'both reliable and valid,' would mean that the results are consistent and measure what they claim to measure, which contradicts the situation described in the question.

5. The chemical equation below is unbalanced. When it is properly balanced, how many molecules of carbon dioxide (CO2) are produced for each molecule of propane (C3H8) in the reaction? 3C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O

• A. One Half.
• B. Two.
• C. Three.
• D. Five.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The balanced chemical equation for the combustion of propane is: 3C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O. This equation shows that for every 3 molecules of propane (C3H8) consumed, 3 molecules of carbon dioxide (CO2) are produced. Therefore, when properly balanced, 3CO2 are produced for each molecule of propane used. Thus, the correct answer is B: Two. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not reflect the correct stoichiometry as determined by the balanced equation.

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