Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following correctly lists the four properties that all types of muscle tissue share?

• A. Contractile, excitable, elastic, extensible
• B. Contractile, voluntary, elastic, extensible
• C. Contractile, excitable, voluntary, extensible
• D. Contractile, excitable, elastic, voluntary

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Contractile, excitable, elastic, extensible.' All types of muscle tissue share these four properties. Muscle tissue can contract, respond to stimuli, stretch and return to its original shape (elastic), and extend or stretch (extensible). Choice B is incorrect because not all muscle tissues are voluntary (some are involuntary). Choice C is incorrect because not all muscle tissues are voluntary. Choice D is incorrect because not all muscle tissues are voluntary and lack the elastic property.

2. How is power defined in terms of physics?

• A. The rate at which work is done
• B. The amount of force applied
• C. The distance an object travels
• D. The potential energy of an object

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In physics, power is defined as the rate at which work is done, which refers to the amount of energy transferred or converted per unit time. Choice B, 'The amount of force applied,' is incorrect as power is related to work done, not just force. Choice C, 'The distance an object travels,' is not the definition of power but rather relates to displacement or distance. Choice D, 'The potential energy of an object,' is not the correct definition of power; potential energy is different from power. Therefore, the correct definition of power in physics is the rate at which work is done.

3. What is the main function of calcitonin, a hormone produced by the thyroid gland?

• A. Stimulate metabolism and heat production
• B. Increase calcium absorption from the intestines
• C. Enhance bone growth and development
• D. Lower blood calcium levels

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Calcitonin is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland that primarily functions to lower blood calcium levels. It achieves this by inhibiting bone breakdown and promoting calcium excretion by the kidneys. Therefore, the correct answer is D as it reflects the main role of calcitonin in calcium homeostasis. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not align with the primary function of calcitonin. Calcitonin does not stimulate metabolism and heat production (Choice A), increase calcium absorption from the intestines (Choice B), or enhance bone growth and development (Choice C).

4. What is surgically altered during a vasectomy?

• A. Vas deferens
• B. Glans penis
• C. Prostate
• D. Urethra

Correct answer: A

Rationale: During a vasectomy, the vas deferens is surgically altered or cut to prevent the transport of sperm from the testicles to the urethra. This procedure is a form of permanent male sterilization. The glans penis, prostate, and urethra are not surgically altered during a vasectomy. Therefore, the correct answer is the vas deferens (Choice A), as it is the structure specifically targeted and modified in this procedure. The glans penis (Choice B) is the sensitive tip of the penis, the prostate (Choice C) is a gland vital for semen production but not involved in a vasectomy, and the urethra (Choice D) is the tube that carries urine and semen but is not surgically altered in a vasectomy.

5. Which type of joint allows for the most movement?

• A. Ball-and-socket joint (shoulder)
• B. Hinge joint (elbow)
• C. Fibrocartilaginous joint (wrists)
• D. Suture joint (skull)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Ball-and-socket joint (shoulder). Ball-and-socket joints, exemplified by the shoulder joint, provide the widest range of movement among joint types. These joints facilitate flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation, allowing for versatile mobility. In a ball-and-socket joint, the rounded end of one bone fits into the socket of another bone, enabling extensive motion capabilities. Choice B, Hinge joint (elbow), allows movement in one plane, limiting its range compared to ball-and-socket joints. Choice C, Fibrocartilaginous joint (wrists), like the intervertebral discs, is meant for stability rather than extensive movement. Choice D, Suture joint (skull), found in the skull bones, is immovable and provides structural support rather than movement.

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