Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following blood vessels carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

• A. Pulmonary vein
• B. Pulmonary artery
• C. Aorta
• D. Vena cava

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pulmonary vein. The pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart. It is essential to distinguish between the pulmonary vein (A) and the pulmonary artery (B) in this context. The pulmonary vein transports oxygenated blood, while the pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation. The aorta (C) functions as the main artery that delivers oxygenated blood from the heart to the body's tissues, while the vena cava (D) returns deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart.

2. Which region of the small intestine is the primary site of absorption?

• A. Duodenum
• B. Jejunum
• C. Ileum
• D. Cecum

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The jejunum is the correct answer. It is the primary site of nutrient absorption in the small intestine. The duodenum mainly facilitates digestion, the ileum is responsible for further absorption, while the cecum is part of the large intestine and not involved in nutrient absorption.

3. Which of the following organelles is responsible for food and water storage in the cell?

• A. Centriole
• B. Lysosome
• C. Ribosome
• D. Vacuole

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Vacuole. Vacuoles are membrane-bound organelles responsible for the storage of various substances such as food, water, and waste in a cell. They help maintain the cell's turgidity and regulate the movement of substances within the cell. Choice A, Centriole, is involved in cell division and organization of microtubules but not food and water storage. Choice B, Lysosome, contains digestive enzymes for breaking down cellular waste material and foreign invaders. Choice C, Ribosome, is involved in protein synthesis rather than storage of food and water.

4. Which property of matter remains constant regardless of changes in gravity?

• A. Mass
• B. Weight
• C. Volume
• D. Density

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object and remains constant regardless of changes in gravity. Weight, on the other hand, is the force of gravity acting on an object and can vary depending on the strength of gravity. Volume is the amount of space an object occupies, and density is the mass per unit volume of a substance, both of which can change with changes in gravity. Therefore, mass is the property that remains the same regardless of variations in gravitational force. Choice B, Weight, changes with gravity as it is a force dependent on gravity. Choices C and D, Volume and Density, can be affected by changes in gravity as they are related to the space an object occupies and the mass per unit volume, respectively.

5. Urine, the liquid waste product of the body, travels from the kidneys to the bladder through tubes called:

• A. Ureters
• B. Urethra
• C. Nephrons
• D. Renal pelvis

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Ureters.' Ureters are tubes that connect each kidney to the bladder. They transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder for storage before excretion. The urethra, which is not the correct answer, is responsible for carrying urine from the bladder out of the body. Nephrons, another incorrect choice, are microscopic units within the kidneys that filter blood and produce urine. The renal pelvis, also an incorrect choice, is a structure in the kidney where urine collects before moving into the ureters for further passage to the bladder.

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