Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is an example of a tissue?

• A. chloroplasts
• B. liver
• C. mammal
• D. hamstring

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is 'B: liver.' The liver is an example of a tissue. Tissues are groups of cells that work together to perform specific functions in the body. The liver is made up of different types of cells that work together to carry out various essential functions, such as detoxification, metabolism, and storage of nutrients. Option A (chloroplasts) refers to organelles, not tissues. Option D (hamstring) is a muscle, not a tissue. Option C (mammal) represents a higher level of organization than tissues, as it refers to a classification of organisms, not a specific tissue type.

2. Which of the following is NOT part of the circulatory system?

• A. Kidneys
• B. Heart
• C. Blood
• D. Blood vessels

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Kidneys. The kidneys are part of the urinary system, responsible for filtering waste and maintaining fluid balance in the body. In the circulatory system, the heart pumps blood, blood carries oxygen and nutrients, and blood vessels transport blood throughout the body. Choices B, C, and D are all components of the circulatory system, making the kidneys the correct choice as it belongs to the urinary system.

3. Which of the following statements is NOT true about DNA?

• A. DNA contains the nucleotides A, T, C, G and is read 5' to 3'.
• B. DNA contains genetic information and is tightly coiled with proteins to form chromosomes.
• C. DNA contains the nucleotides A, T, C, G and is read 3' to 5'.
• D. DNA is a double-stranded molecule connected by hydrogen bonds.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because DNA is typically read from the 5' end to the 3' end, not from 3' to 5'. Choices A, B, and D are all true statements about DNA. DNA contains the nucleotides A, T, C, G and is read in a 5' to 3' direction. DNA also contains genetic information and is tightly coiled with proteins to form chromosomes. Additionally, DNA is a double-stranded molecule connected by hydrogen bonds.

4. Which vitamin is essential for calcium absorption and bone health?

• A. Vitamin A
• B. Vitamin C
• C. Vitamin D
• D. Vitamin E

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Vitamin D is essential for calcium absorption in the intestines, which is crucial for maintaining strong and healthy bones. Without adequate vitamin D, the body cannot effectively absorb calcium, leading to weakened bones and an increased risk of fractures. Vitamin A (Choice A) is important for vision and immune function but is not directly involved in calcium absorption or bone health. Vitamin C (Choice B) is essential for collagen synthesis and immune function, but it does not play a direct role in calcium absorption or bone health. Vitamin E (Choice D) acts as an antioxidant and helps protect cells from damage, but it is not specifically required for calcium absorption or bone health. Therefore, the correct answer is Vitamin D as it is crucial for optimal bone health.

5. Which organelle is responsible for producing energy in the cell?

• A. Nucleus
• B. Mitochondria
• C. Golgi apparatus
• D. Ribosome

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Mitochondria. Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell and are responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP through the process of cellular respiration. The other organelles listed, such as the nucleus, Golgi apparatus, and ribosome, have different functions within the cell and are not directly involved in energy production. The nucleus is responsible for storing genetic material and controlling cell activities. The Golgi apparatus is involved in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins. Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis.

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