Nursing Elites

1. What does the term 'colligative property' refer to in solutions?

• A. Properties that depend on the nature of the solute particles
• B. Properties that depend on the concentration of solute particles
• C. Properties that depend on the temperature of the solution
• D. Properties that depend on the pressure of the solution

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Colligative properties are properties of a solution that depend on the concentration of solute particles, regardless of the identity of the solute. These properties include lowering the vapor pressure, elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing point, and osmotic pressure. The concentration of solute particles affects these properties, not the nature, temperature, or pressure of the solution. Therefore, choice B is the correct answer as it accurately reflects the definition of colligative properties. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because colligative properties are not based on the nature, temperature, or pressure of the solute, but rather on the concentration of solute particles in the solution.

2. Which of the following processes breaks down cellular components for recycling or waste removal?

• A. Photosynthesis
• B. Cellular respiration
• C. Cell division
• D. Phagocytosis

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Phagocytosis. Phagocytosis is the process by which cells engulf and break down cellular components or foreign particles for recycling or waste removal. It is a vital mechanism used by cells to maintain homeostasis and remove waste materials. Photosynthesis (A) is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy to produce food, not for breaking down cellular components. Cellular respiration (B) is the process by which cells generate energy from nutrients, not for waste removal. Cell division (C) is the process by which cells replicate and divide to form new cells during growth, repair, or development, not for breaking down cellular components.

3. What is the term for a solution that contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a specific temperature and pressure?

• A. Saturated solution
• B. Unsaturated solution
• C. Dilute solution
• D. Concentrated solution

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A saturated solution is defined as a solution that has dissolved the maximum amount of solute possible at a specific temperature and pressure. In a saturated solution, any additional solute added will not dissolve, resulting in a visible precipitate. Choice B, unsaturated solution, refers to a solution where more solute can still be dissolved. Choices C and D, dilute solution and concentrated solution, do not specifically refer to the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved at a given temperature and pressure, making them incorrect in this context.

4. What is the scientific study of the relationships between organisms and their environment?

• A. Zoology
• B. Botany
• C. Ecology
• D. Genetics

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Ecology is the scientific study of the relationships between organisms and their environment, including the interactions between living organisms and their physical surroundings. This field focuses on how organisms interact with each other and their environment. Zoology is the study of animals, Botany is the study of plants, and Genetics is the study of genes and heredity, which are not directly related to the relationships between organisms and their environment. Therefore, the correct answer is Ecology as it specifically deals with the interactions between living organisms and their environment.

5. Which of the following meninges is a thin membrane containing numerous nerves and blood vessels that supply nourishment to the underlying brain cells and spinal cord?

• A. Arachnoid mater
• B. Dura mater
• C. Periosteum
• D. Pia mater

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The pia mater is the correct answer. It is a thin, innermost layer of the meninges that contains numerous nerves and blood vessels, providing nourishment to the underlying brain cells and spinal cord. The arachnoid mater (Choice A) is the middle layer of the meninges and does not contain as many nerves and blood vessels as the pia mater. The dura mater (Choice B) is the tough, outermost layer of the meninges and is not responsible for supplying nourishment. The periosteum (Choice C) is a connective tissue membrane covering bones, not part of the meninges.

Similar Questions