Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following best describes a plane that divides the body into upper and lower portions?

• A. Coronal
• B. Transverse
• C. Oblique
• D. Median

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Transverse. A transverse plane, also known as a horizontal plane, divides the body into upper and lower portions. This plane is perpendicular to the long axis of the body. Coronal planes divide the body into anterior and posterior portions. Oblique planes pass through the body at an angle, neither strictly horizontal nor vertical. The median plane passes longitudinally through the body, dividing it into equal left and right halves.

2. If a doctor diagnoses a patient with an impaired posterior pituitary gland, which of the following symptoms related to kidney function does the patient display?

• A. Thirst
• B. Tiredness
• C. Weight gain
• D. Concentrated urine

Correct answer: D

Rationale: When the posterior pituitary gland is impaired, there is decreased secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). ADH plays a crucial role in regulating water reabsorption by the kidneys. A deficiency of ADH leads to the inability of the kidneys to concentrate urine, resulting in the production of dilute urine. Therefore, 'Concentrated urine' is the correct symptom associated with impaired posterior pituitary gland. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Thirst is more commonly associated with diabetes insipidus, tiredness could be a general symptom but not specifically related to kidney function, and weight gain is not a typical symptom of impaired posterior pituitary gland affecting kidney function.

3. What macromolecules are proteins that speed up chemical reactions and act as biological catalysts?

• A. Lipids
• B. Enzymes
• C. Carbohydrates
• D. Nucleic acids

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts, speeding up chemical reactions without being consumed in the process. Lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids do not serve as proteins that function as catalysts; they have different biological roles. Lipids are primarily used for energy storage, structural components, and signaling molecules. Carbohydrates are mainly for energy storage and providing structural support. Nucleic acids are involved in genetic information storage and transfer. Therefore, the correct answer is B: Enzymes.

4. The endocrine system communicates through chemical messengers called:

• A. Enzymes
• B. Hormones
• C. Antibodies
• D. Neurons

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hormones. The endocrine system communicates through hormones, which are chemical messengers produced by glands and released into the bloodstream to target specific cells or organs in the body. Enzymes are biological molecules that catalyze biochemical reactions, antibodies are part of the immune system, and neurons are cells that transmit nerve impulses. In this context, enzymes, antibodies, and neurons do not play roles in the endocrine system's communication process, making them incorrect choices.

5. A symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits and the other is not harmed is called:

• A. Mutualism
• B. Commensalism
• C. Parasitism
• D. Predation

Correct answer: B

Rationale: B) Commensalism: In commensalism, one organism benefits while the other is neither helped nor harmed. This is the relationship described in the question. The correct answer is Commensalism because it specifically fits the scenario where one organism benefits without affecting the other. A) Mutualism: In mutualism, both organisms involved benefit from the relationship. C) Parasitism: In parasitism, one organism benefits at the expense of the other organism, which is harmed. D) Predation: In predation, one organism (predator) kills and consumes another organism (prey) for food.

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