Nursing Elites

1. Which structure is the largest part of the airway?

• A. Alveoli
• B. Bronchi
• C. Bronchioles
• D. Trachea

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is the trachea. The trachea is the largest part of the airway and serves as the main passageway for air to enter and exit the lungs. It connects the larynx to the bronchi and is an essential component of the respiratory system. The alveoli, although crucial for gas exchange, are tiny air sacs in the lungs and not the largest part of the airway. Bronchi and bronchioles are smaller airway passages that branch off from the trachea, making them smaller in size compared to the trachea.

2. What is the primary function of the kidneys?

• A. To digest food
• B. To filter blood and produce urine
• C. To absorb nutrients
• D. To transport oxygen

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The primary function of the kidneys is to filter blood and remove waste products from the body, producing urine in the process. This function helps in maintaining the body's internal environment stable, a process known as homeostasis. Option A, 'To digest food,' is incorrect as digestion primarily occurs in the gastrointestinal system, not in the kidneys. Option C, 'To absorb nutrients,' is also incorrect because nutrient absorption mainly takes place in the intestines. Option D, 'To transport oxygen,' is incorrect as the lungs and circulatory system are responsible for oxygen transport, not the kidneys.

3. Which of the following is unique to covalent bonds?

• A. Most covalent bonds are formed between the elements H, F, N, and O.
• B. Covalent bonds are dependent on forming dipoles.
• C. Bonding electrons are shared between two or more atoms.
• D. Molecules with covalent bonds tend to have a crystalline solid structure.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Bonding electrons are shared between two or more atoms.' This statement is unique to covalent bonds. In covalent bonds, atoms share electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration, which leads to the formation of a bond. This sharing of electrons is a fundamental characteristic of covalent bonds and distinguishes them from other types of chemical bonds, such as ionic bonds, where electrons are transferred rather than shared. Choices A, B, and D do not represent unique characteristics of covalent bonds. Choice A describes some common elements involved in covalent bonds, choice B refers to the concept of dipoles, which can also exist in other types of bonds, and choice D describes a property of molecules (crystalline solid structure) that is not exclusive to covalent bonds.

4. What is the term for the balanced equation that represents a chemical reaction?

• A. Hypothesis
• B. Chemical formula
• C. Balanced equation
• D. Reaction mechanism

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C - 'Balanced equation'. A balanced equation is a representation of a chemical reaction that shows the reactants, products, and their stoichiometric coefficients. It ensures that the number of atoms of each element is equal on both sides of the equation, following the law of conservation of mass. Choice A, 'Hypothesis', is incorrect as it refers to a proposed explanation based on limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation. Choice B, 'Chemical formula', is incorrect as it represents the composition of a compound using symbols and subscripts. Choice D, 'Reaction mechanism', is incorrect as it describes the step-by-step process by which a chemical reaction occurs, not just the overall representation of the reaction itself.

5. When sodium hydroxide (NaOH) reacts with hydrochloric acid (HCl), the resulting product is:

• A. Hydrogen gas and sodium chloride (NaCl)
• B. Chlorine gas and sodium oxide (Na2O)
• C. Sodium metal (Na) and water (H2O)
• D. No reaction occurs.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: When sodium hydroxide (NaOH) reacts with hydrochloric acid (HCl), a neutralization reaction occurs. The products of this reaction are water (H2O) and a salt, which is sodium chloride (NaCl). The chemical equation for this reaction is: NaOH + HCl -> NaCl + H2O. Choice B is incorrect because chlorine gas and sodium oxide are not the products of this reaction. Choice C is incorrect as sodium metal and water are not the products formed in this neutralization reaction. Choice D is incorrect because a reaction does occur between NaOH and HCl, resulting in the formation of NaCl and H2O. Therefore, the correct answer is A: Hydrogen gas and sodium chloride (NaCl).

Similar Questions