which is the largest part of the airway

ATI TEAS 7

ATI TEAS 7 Science

1. Which structure is the largest part of the airway?

A. Alveoli
B. Bronchi
C. Bronchioles
D. Trachea

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is the trachea. The trachea is the largest part of the airway and serves as the main passageway for air to enter and exit the lungs. It connects the larynx to the bronchi and is an essential component of the respiratory system. The alveoli, although crucial for gas exchange, are tiny air sacs in the lungs and not the largest part of the airway. Bronchi and bronchioles are smaller airway passages that branch off from the trachea, making them smaller in size compared to the trachea.

2. What is the primary function of the placenta during pregnancy?

A. Produce insulin
B. Facilitate gas exchange between mother and fetus
C. Excrete waste products from the fetus
D. All of the above

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The primary function of the placenta during pregnancy is to facilitate the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the mother and the fetus. This ensures that the fetus receives oxygen and eliminates carbon dioxide, supporting its growth and development. While the placenta also allows for the transfer of nutrients and waste products between the mother and the fetus, its main role is to ensure proper gas exchange. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect as the primary role of the placenta is not to produce insulin or excrete waste products from the fetus. Selecting the correct answer, choice B, highlights the crucial role of the placenta in providing oxygen to the fetus and removing carbon dioxide, which are essential for fetal well-being and development.

3. Where does gas exchange take place in the respiratory system?

A. Alveoli
B. Bronchioles
C. Bronchi
D. Trachea

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Gas exchange in the respiratory system occurs in the alveoli, which are tiny air sacs in the lungs. Within the alveoli, oxygen from the inhaled air diffuses into the bloodstream, while carbon dioxide from the blood enters the alveoli to be exhaled. This exchange of gases is essential for the body to obtain oxygen and remove carbon dioxide, supporting vital bodily functions. The bronchioles (choice B), bronchi (choice C), and trachea (choice D) are part of the airway passage system that transports air to and from the alveoli but do not participate in gas exchange. Therefore, the alveoli play a crucial role in the respiratory system by facilitating gas exchange.

4. In order to verify if a particular drug is responsible for the recovery of individuals with a disorder, what procedure would be most effective in testing its effectiveness?

A. Ensure that neither the subjects nor the investigators know which subjects are given the drug and which are given the placebo.
B. Ensure that the subjects do not know whether they are given the drug or the placebo, but the investigators are aware of who has received the medication.
C. Ensure that the investigators do not know whether they are administering the drug or the placebo, but the subjects do know which they are receiving.
D. Ensure that both the investigators and the subjects have full knowledge of which subjects are getting the drug and which are getting a placebo.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The most effective procedure in testing whether the drug is responsible for the recovery is to ensure that neither the subjects nor the investigators know which subjects are given the drug and which are given the placebo. This method is known as a double-blind study, which helps eliminate biases and ensures that the results are reliable and not influenced by expectations or beliefs. By keeping both the subjects and investigators unaware of who is receiving the drug or placebo, the study can accurately determine the true impact of the drug on recovery. Choice B is incorrect as it only prevents the subjects from knowing which treatment they are receiving, allowing for potential bias from the investigators. Choice C is also incorrect as it allows for potential bias from the subjects. Choice D is incorrect as full knowledge of treatment allocation can introduce bias and affect the study's validity.

5. What is the name of the strong acid produced by the stomach to help break down food?

A. Hydrochloric acid
B. Lactic acid
C. Bile
D. Fatty acid

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, hydrochloric acid. The stomach produces hydrochloric acid to aid in the digestion process by breaking down food, particularly proteins. This acid is crucial for the proper absorption of nutrients in the stomach. Lactic acid is produced in muscles during intense exercise, not in the stomach. Bile is produced by the liver to assist in digestion, primarily in the small intestine, not in the stomach. Fatty acids are molecules found in fats with different functions in the body, but they are not the primary acid produced by the stomach for digestion.