Nursing Elites

1. What intervention is essential for a client with dehydration?

• A. Monitor electrolyte levels regularly
• B. Administer oral rehydration solutions
• C. Increase fluid intake to maintain hydration
• D. Administer intravenous fluids to treat dehydration

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Administering oral rehydration solutions is essential for a client with dehydration as it helps replenish lost fluids and electrolytes directly through the oral route. Monitoring electrolyte levels regularly (Choice A) is important but not as essential as providing immediate rehydration. Increasing fluid intake to maintain hydration (Choice C) may not be sufficient for a client already dehydrated and needing rapid replenishment. Administering intravenous fluids (Choice D) is a more invasive intervention typically reserved for severe cases of dehydration or when the client cannot tolerate oral fluids.

2. What is the most appropriate strategy for a client with an NG tube who is experiencing nausea and decreased gastric secretions?

• A. Increase the suction pressure
• B. Irrigate the NG tube with sterile water
• C. Turn the client onto their side
• D. Replace the NG tube with a new one

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Irrigating the NG tube with sterile water is the most appropriate strategy for a client with an NG tube experiencing nausea and decreased gastric secretions. This intervention helps in relieving blockages within the tube and can help reduce nausea by ensuring proper drainage. Increasing the suction pressure (Choice A) can lead to complications and should not be done without healthcare provider orders. Turning the client onto their side (Choice C) is a general measure for patient comfort but does not directly address the issue with the NG tube. Replacing the NG tube with a new one (Choice D) is not necessary unless there are specific indications like tube damage or dislodgement.

3. A nurse is teaching a client who has Parkinson's disease about dietary modifications. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

• A. Eat high-protein, high-calorie meals
• B. Drink milk with every meal
• C. Avoid foods high in carbohydrates
• D. Drink carbonated beverages with meals

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Eat high-protein, high-calorie meals.' Individuals with Parkinson's disease benefit from consuming high-protein, high-calorie meals to help maintain muscle mass and energy levels. This dietary modification is important in managing the symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Choice B is incorrect because there is no specific requirement for drinking milk with every meal for individuals with Parkinson's disease. Choice C is incorrect as carbohydrates are also essential for a balanced diet and should not be completely avoided. Choice D is incorrect as carbonated beverages may interfere with the absorption of nutrients from food and are not recommended for individuals with Parkinson's disease.

4. A client undergoing chemotherapy for cancer is being taught about potential adverse effects of the treatment. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

• A. I will avoid drinking water before meals
• B. I might experience hair loss during treatment
• C. I might experience an increase in appetite
• D. I should expect my appetite to increase

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because hair loss is a common adverse effect of chemotherapy. Options A, C, and D are incorrect. Avoiding drinking water before meals, experiencing an increase in appetite, or expecting appetite to increase are not related to the potential adverse effects of chemotherapy.

5. What are the nursing interventions for a patient with COPD?

• A. Administer oxygen and provide breathing exercises
• B. Suction airway secretions and encourage coughing
• C. Administer bronchodilators and monitor oxygen saturation
• D. Restrict fluids and encourage mobility

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administer oxygen and provide breathing exercises. These interventions are essential in managing COPD as they help improve lung function and oxygenation. Choice B is incorrect as suctioning airway secretions and encouraging coughing are not typically indicated for COPD patients. Choice C is incorrect as while administering bronchodilators is common in COPD treatment, monitoring oxygen saturation alone is not a comprehensive intervention. Choice D is incorrect as restricting fluids is not a standard intervention for COPD, and encouraging mobility, although beneficial, is not as directly related to managing COPD symptoms as administering oxygen and providing breathing exercises.

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