a nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client with diabetes what is the most important instruction
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ATI NCLEX PN Predictor Test

1. When providing discharge teaching to a client with diabetes, what is the most important instruction?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Administering insulin as prescribed before meals is crucial for managing diabetes. This instruction is vital as it helps the client maintain blood sugar levels within the target range. Checking blood sugar levels once daily is important but not as critical as ensuring the timely administration of insulin. Taking medication only when feeling unwell is dangerous as it may lead to uncontrolled blood sugar levels. Eating carbohydrate-rich meals may actually destabilize blood sugar levels rather than stabilizing them, making it an incorrect choice.

2. What is the right to make one's own personal decisions, even though those decisions might not be in the person's best interest?

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Autonomy. Autonomy is the right to make one's own decisions, even if they may not be in the person's best interest. Autonomy emphasizes an individual's freedom to choose and act according to their own values and beliefs. Non-maleficence (B) refers to the principle of 'do no harm,' Justice (C) refers to fairness and equality in the distribution of resources or benefits, and Beneficence (D) refers to the obligation to do good and act in the patient's best interest.

3. What lifestyle change should be emphasized for a client with hypertension?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct lifestyle change that should be emphasized for a client with hypertension is to reduce caffeine and sodium intake. Caffeine can temporarily raise blood pressure, and high sodium intake is linked to increased blood pressure levels. Therefore, reducing these two components can help manage blood pressure in individuals with hypertension. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because increasing intake of dairy products, consuming carbohydrate-rich meals, and limiting intake of leafy green vegetables do not specifically address the factors that contribute to high blood pressure in hypertension.

4. Which of the following interventions should the nurse implement for a client with hyperkalemia?

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct intervention for a client with hyperkalemia is to administer calcium gluconate. Calcium gluconate helps counteract the effects of hyperkalemia by stabilizing the cardiac cell membrane. Increasing fluid intake (Choice B) may not effectively lower potassium levels. Administering a diuretic (Choice C) or sodium bicarbonate (Choice D) is not the primary treatment for hyperkalemia and may not address the immediate need to lower potassium levels.

5. A client with a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus inquires about information concerning oral antidiabetic agents. In addition to the provider, where should the nurse refer the client for information?

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: American Diabetes Association. The American Diabetes Association is a reputable source that provides credible information on managing diabetes. While family members can offer support, they may not have the specialized knowledge on oral antidiabetic agents. Pharmacists are knowledgeable about medications but may not provide comprehensive information on diabetes management. Dietitians can offer valuable advice on nutrition but may not cover specific details about oral antidiabetic agents. Therefore, referring the client to the American Diabetes Association ensures access to accurate and detailed information related to their condition.

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