Nursing Elites

1. When picked up by a parent or the nurse, an 8-month-old infant screams and seems to be in pain. After observing this behavior, what should the nurse discuss with the parent?

• A. Accidents and the importance of preventing them
• B. Limiting the infant's playtime with other children in the family
• C. Any other behaviors that the parent may have noticed
• D. Nutrition and specific vitamins recommended for infants

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Discussing any other observed behaviors with the parent is important to identify patterns or potential issues that could be affecting the infant's well-being. By exploring additional behaviors, the nurse can gather more information to assess the infant comprehensively. This approach allows for a more holistic understanding of the infant's health status, rather than focusing solely on the observed behavior of screaming and apparent pain. Options A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not directly address the need to explore other behaviors that may provide insights into the infant's condition and well-being.

2. While assessing an 18-month-old child, a nurse observes that the toddler can crawl upstairs but needs assistance when climbing the stairs upright. What does this action indicate to the nurse?

• A. Presence of talipes equinovarus
• B. Reflective of neurologic damage
• C. Expected behavior in a toddler of this age
• D. Existence of developmental dysplasia of the hip

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Needing assistance to climb stairs is considered expected behavior for an 18-month-old toddler. At this age, children are still developing their gross motor skills, coordination, and balance, which can vary in proficiency. It is common for toddlers to be able to crawl upstairs before mastering the skill of climbing stairs upright. Options A, B, and D are incorrect because at 18 months, it is normal for children to require help and practice with climbing stairs and does not necessarily point to any specific medical conditions or developmental issues.

3. A child with a diagnosis of hemophilia is admitted to the hospital with a bleeding episode. What is the priority nursing intervention?

• A. Administering pain medication
• B. Monitoring for signs of infection
• C. Administering factor VIII
• D. Ensuring a safe environment

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The priority nursing intervention for a child with hemophilia experiencing a bleeding episode is administering factor VIII. Hemophilia is a genetic disorder characterized by a deficiency in clotting factors, such as factor VIII. Administering factor VIII replacement therapy is crucial to stop or control bleeding in individuals with hemophilia. Options A, B, and D are important aspects of patient care but do not take precedence over addressing the underlying cause of the bleeding in a child with hemophilia, which is the deficiency of factor VIII.

4. The healthcare professional is assessing a 4-year-old client. Which finding suggests to the healthcare professional this child may have a genetic disorder?

• A. Inquiry reveals the child had feeding problems.
• B. The child weighs 40 lb (18.2 kg) and is 40 in (101.6 cm) in height.
• C. The child has low-set ears with lobe creases.
• D. The child can hop on one foot but cannot skip.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Low-set ears with lobe creases are often associated with genetic disorders and can indicate underlying chromosomal abnormalities. This physical characteristic is known to be a common sign in various syndromes like Down syndrome. Choices A, B, and D are not directly linked to genetic disorders. Feeding problems and specific weight/height measurements are more general indicators of growth and development, while the ability to hop on one foot but not skip is a developmental milestone assessment that does not specifically point towards a genetic disorder.

5. A healthcare professional is assessing a child with suspected rotavirus infection. What clinical manifestation is the healthcare professional likely to observe?

• A. Abdominal pain
• B. Diarrhea
• C. Constipation
• D. Vomiting

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Diarrhea. Rotavirus infection commonly presents with symptoms such as watery diarrhea, fever, vomiting, and abdominal pain. However, diarrhea is the hallmark symptom of rotavirus infection, often leading to dehydration in children. Abdominal pain (choice A) can also be present but is not as specific to rotavirus infection as diarrhea. Constipation (choice C) is not a typical symptom of rotavirus infection. While vomiting (choice D) can occur in rotavirus infection, it is more commonly associated with other gastrointestinal conditions.

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