Nursing Elites

1. Which enzyme breaks down carbohydrates like starches and sugars in the mouth?

• A. Pepsin
• B. Lipase
• C. Amylase
• D. Trypsin

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is Amylase. Amylase is the enzyme responsible for breaking down carbohydrates like starches and sugars in the mouth. Pepsin is a digestive enzyme that breaks down proteins in the stomach, lipase breaks down fats, and trypsin is another enzyme that breaks down proteins in the small intestine. Therefore, choices A, B, and D are incorrect for this question.

2. What is the process of converting light energy into chemical energy called?

• A. Respiration
• B. Fermentation
• C. Photosynthesis
• D. Hydrolysis

Correct answer: C

Rationale: - Respiration (Option A) is the process by which cells break down glucose to release energy. - Fermentation (Option B) is an anaerobic process that also involves the breakdown of glucose to release energy. - Hydrolysis (Option D) is a chemical process that involves the breakdown of molecules by adding water. Photosynthesis (Option C) is the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose. During photosynthesis, plants use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce glucose and oxygen. This process is essential for the survival of plants and ultimately sustains life on Earth by providing oxygen for other organisms to breathe and serving as a source of energy in the food chain.

3. Which type of tissue is characterized by tightly packed cells with minimal extracellular matrix and provides structural support and protection?

• A. Epithelial tissue
• B. Connective tissue
• C. Muscle tissue
• D. Nervous tissue

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Epithelial tissue is the correct answer as it aligns with the description provided in the question. Epithelial tissue is characterized by tightly packed cells with minimal extracellular matrix, which allows it to form protective barriers on the body's surface and line internal organs, providing structural support and protection. Connective tissue, while important for support and connection between tissues and organs, does not fit the description in the question of being tightly packed with minimal extracellular matrix. Muscle tissue is responsible for movement, and nervous tissue transmits signals throughout the body, neither of which are primarily involved in providing structural support and protection as described. Therefore, based on the characteristics described in the question, epithelial tissue best fits the description of tissue that provides structural support and protection.

4. Which concentration unit depends on pressure?

• A. ppm
• B. ppb
• C. molarity
• D. molarity, ppb, and ppm

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is 'C: molarity.' Molarity is the concentration unit that depends on pressure. In molarity, the concentration of a solution is expressed as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. This means that changes in pressure can affect the volume of the solution and consequently the concentration. Choices A and B, ppm (parts per million) and ppb (parts per billion), respectively, are independent of pressure variations as they are based on mass ratios. Therefore, molarity is the only concentration unit listed that is directly influenced by changes in pressure.

5. Which of the following terms means toward the front of the body?

• A. Superior
• B. Anterior
• C. Inferior
• D. Posterior

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Anterior. The term 'anterior' specifically refers to the front of the body. In anatomical terms, anterior is the opposite of posterior, which means toward the back of the body. Superior and inferior, choices A and C, respectively, refer to top and bottom directions, not front and back. Therefore, 'Anterior' is the most appropriate term for describing a position toward the front of the body.

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