Nursing Elites

1. What is the result of the metabolism of energy nutrients?

• A. Energy is released.
• B. Body fat increases.
• C. Energy is destroyed.
• D. Body water decreases.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Energy is released during the metabolism of energy nutrients. This released energy is utilized by the body for various functions. Choice B is incorrect because the metabolism of energy nutrients does not directly result in an increase in body fat. Choice C is incorrect as energy is not destroyed but rather transformed and utilized by the body. Choice D is incorrect as the metabolism of energy nutrients does not lead to a decrease in body water.

2. What is the primary treatment for a child with an anaphylactic reaction?

• A. Oral antihistamines
• B. Intravenous fluids
• C. Epinephrine injection
• D. Antipyretics

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Epinephrine injection. An epinephrine injection is the primary treatment for an anaphylactic reaction in children. Epinephrine acts quickly to reverse severe symptoms such as difficulty breathing, low blood pressure, and hives. Oral antihistamines, although useful for milder allergic reactions, are not sufficient to manage the potentially life-threatening symptoms of anaphylaxis. Intravenous fluids may be necessary to support blood pressure in a child with anaphylaxis but are not the primary treatment. Antipyretics, on the other hand, are medications used to reduce fever and are not indicated as the primary treatment for an anaphylactic reaction.

3. How much energy is required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water by 1°C?

• A. 10 calories
• B. 100 calories
• C. 1 kilocalorie
• D. 10 kilocalories

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is 1 kilocalorie. This is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water by 1°C. Choice A (10 calories) and Choice D (10 kilocalories) are incorrect as they do not represent the correct unit of measurement for this specific scenario. Choice B (100 calories) is also incorrect as it overestimates the amount of energy required. The specific heat capacity of water is approximately 1 calorie/gram °C, which means that 1 kilogram (1000 grams) of water requires 1 kilocalorie (1000 calories) to raise its temperature by 1°C.

4. What is a common sign of an allergic reaction in children?

• A. Persistent cough
• B. Skin rash or hives
• C. Increased appetite
• D. Low-grade fever

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Skin rash or hives are common signs of an allergic reaction in children, often following exposure to allergens. While a persistent cough can occur in some cases, it is not typically a primary sign of an allergic reaction. Increased appetite is unrelated to allergic reactions. A low-grade fever is not a common sign of an allergic reaction but can be present in other conditions like infections.

5. What is the key to preventing recurrent respiratory infections in children with cystic fibrosis?

• A. Routine use of antibiotics
• B. Daily chest physiotherapy
• C. Increased fluid intake
• D. Dietary supplements

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Daily chest physiotherapy. Daily chest physiotherapy is essential in cystic fibrosis as it helps in clearing mucus from the lungs, reducing the frequency of respiratory infections. Antibiotics (Choice A) may treat infections but are not the key preventive measure. Increased fluid intake (Choice C) and dietary supplements (Choice D) can be beneficial for overall health but do not directly prevent recurrent respiratory infections in children with cystic fibrosis.

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