Nursing Elites

1. What is the stage of mitosis during which the nuclear envelope reforms?

• A. Prophase
• B. Metaphase
• C. Telophase
• D. Cytokinesis

Correct answer: C

Rationale: During telophase, the nuclear envelope reforms around the separated sister chromatids at opposite poles of the cell. This stage marks the reversal of the processes that occurred during prophase, where the nuclear envelope breaks down. Metaphase is characterized by the alignment of chromosomes along the metaphase plate in the cell's center. Cytokinesis is the final step of cell division involving cytoplasmic division to form two daughter cells, but it does not involve the reformation of the nuclear envelope. Therefore, choice C (Telophase) is the correct answer as it specifically involves the reformation of the nuclear envelope, distinguishing it from the other stages of mitosis.

2. Which system is responsible for transporting nutrients, gases, and wastes in the body?

• A. Respiratory system
• B. Digestive system
• C. Circulatory system
• D. Nervous system

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The circulatory system is responsible for transporting nutrients, gases, and wastes to and from the cells in the body. It includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood, which work together to distribute oxygen, nutrients, and remove waste products throughout the body. The respiratory system is primarily involved in gas exchange, the digestive system breaks down food for absorption, and the nervous system is responsible for transmitting signals throughout the body.

3. Which part of the brain controls balance and coordination?

• A. Cerebrum
• B. Cerebellum
• C. Medulla
• D. Thalamus

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The cerebellum is the correct answer as it is the part of the brain responsible for controlling balance and coordination in the body. It receives input from various parts of the brain, spinal cord, and sensory systems to help coordinate voluntary movements. The cerebrum (choice A) is mainly involved in higher brain functions such as thinking, decision-making, and voluntary movements but not specifically balance and coordination. The medulla (choice C) is essential for functions like breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure regulation but not primarily for balance and coordination. The thalamus (choice D) acts as a relay station for sensory information but is not primarily responsible for balance and coordination.

4. What is the primary function of coronary arteries?

• A. Delivering oxygenated blood throughout the body.
• B. Supplying oxygenated blood to the heart muscle itself.
• C. Carrying deoxygenated blood back to the heart.
• D. Regulating blood pressure through vasoconstriction and vasodilation.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The primary function of coronary arteries is to supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle itself. The heart is a muscle that needs a constant supply of oxygen and nutrients to function properly. Coronary arteries branch off the aorta and specifically deliver oxygenated blood to the heart muscle, ensuring its proper function. Choice A is incorrect because coronary arteries do not deliver blood throughout the entire body but specifically to the heart. Choice C is incorrect as coronary arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart. Choice D is incorrect as the primary function of the coronary arteries is not to regulate blood pressure but rather to provide oxygenated blood to the heart muscle.

5. What is the term for the shedding of the outermost layer of the epidermis?

• A. Desquamation
• B. Exfoliation
• C. Keratinization
• D. Epidermolysis

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Desquamation is the correct term for the shedding of the outermost layer of the epidermis. This process is essential for skin renewal, allowing the removal of dead skin cells from the skin's surface. Exfoliation, on the other hand, involves the removal of dead skin cells through mechanical or chemical methods. Keratinization refers to the process where skin cells produce the protein keratin, contributing to the skin's protective barrier. Epidermolysis is a condition characterized by the separation of the epidermis from the dermis due to a structural defect in the skin.

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