Nursing Elites

1. Where is fat primarily digested, and where is protein primarily digested?

• A. Mouth; stomach
• B. Stomach; small intestine
• C. Small intestine; small intestine
• D. Small intestine; stomach

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Fats are primarily digested in the small intestine, where bile from the liver emulsifies fats for enzymatic digestion. The small intestine is where most of the absorption of nutrients occurs. Proteins, on the other hand, are mainly digested in the stomach by the enzyme pepsin under acidic conditions. The stomach's acidic environment helps denature proteins, making them more accessible to pepsin for digestion. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately reflect the primary sites of fat and protein digestion in the human digestive system.

2. Which hormone is produced by the thyroid gland?

• A. Insulin
• B. Thyroxine
• C. Adrenaline
• D. Cortisol

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Thyroxine. The thyroid gland produces thyroxine, a hormone essential for regulating metabolism. Insulin is produced by the pancreas to regulate blood sugar levels. Adrenaline is produced by the adrenal glands to prepare the body for the 'fight or flight' response. Cortisol is produced by the adrenal cortex in response to stress, not by the thyroid gland.

3. What is the main factor limiting population growth in K-strategists?

• A. Predation
• B. Availability of resources
• C. Competition
• D. Disease

Correct answer: B

Rationale: K-strategists are species with a low reproductive rate that invest more resources in raising fewer offspring. These species typically live in stable environments with limited resources. The main factor limiting population growth in K-strategists is the availability of resources such as food, shelter, and space. When resources are scarce, K-strategists may struggle to find enough to support their population size, leading to reduced reproductive success and population growth. While predation, competition, and disease can also impact population growth, the primary limiting factor for K-strategists is the availability of resources.

4. What mineral is essential for muscle function and can cause cramps if deficient?

• A. Sodium
• B. Calcium
• C. Potassium
• D. Magnesium

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Potassium is essential for muscle function, including muscle contraction. A deficiency in potassium can lead to muscle weakness and cramps. While sodium, calcium, and magnesium are also important minerals for muscle function, potassium is specifically known for its role in preventing muscle cramps by regulating muscle contractions and nerve signals.

5. Two objects with equal masses collide head-on, both initially moving at the same speed. After the collision, they stick together. What is their final velocity?

• A. Zero
• B. Half their initial velocity
• C. Their initial velocity
• D. Twice their initial velocity

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In an inelastic collision where two objects stick together after colliding, momentum is conserved. Since the two objects have equal masses and equal initial velocities but opposite directions, their momenta cancel out. Therefore, after the collision, the combined mass will move at the same speed as the initial velocity, but in the direction of one of the objects. Choice A ('Zero') is incorrect because momentum is conserved, and the objects must move after the collision. Choice B ('Half their initial velocity') is incorrect as the final velocity is the same as the initial velocity due to momentum conservation. Choice D ('Twice their initial velocity') is incorrect as the final velocity cannot be twice the initial velocity based on the conservation of momentum principle.

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