Nursing Elites

1. What is the scientific name for the tear gland?

• A. Lachrymal gland
• B. Lacrimal sac
• C. Lacrimal duct
• D. Lacrimal papilla

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Lachrymal gland. The lachrymal gland, also known as the tear gland, is the almond-shaped gland located above each eye, responsible for producing tears. Tears are a complex mixture of water, electrolytes, proteins, and other substances that help lubricate and protect the eyes from dryness and irritation. Choice B, Lacrimal sac, is incorrect as it refers to a structure that collects tears from the eye. Choice C, Lacrimal duct, is incorrect as it is the tube that carries tears from the lacrimal sac to the nasal cavity. Choice D, Lacrimal papilla, is incorrect as it is a small elevation at the inner corner of the eye where tears drain into the puncta.

2. What is the term for the involuntary muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract?

• A. Segmentation
• B. Peristalsis
• C. Chyme
• D. Emulsification

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Peristalsis is the correct term for the involuntary muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract. These contractions help push food along the digestive system, facilitating digestion and absorption of nutrients. Segmentation, on the other hand, refers to the mixing and breaking down of food in the intestines, not the movement of food. Chyme is the semi-fluid mass of partially digested food in the stomach and small intestine, not the muscle contractions. Emulsification is the process of breaking down fat globules into smaller droplets to aid in digestion, not the movement of food through the digestive tract. Therefore, peristalsis is the most appropriate term for this function.

3. Which part of the heart is responsible for generating the QRS complex on an ECG?

• A. Sinoatrial node (SA node)
• B. Atrioventricular node (AV node)
• C. Bundle of His
• D. Ventricular muscle cells

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The QRS complex on an ECG represents ventricular depolarization. This electrical activity is generated by the ventricular muscle cells. While the SA node generates the P wave, the AV node delays the impulse, and the Bundle of His and Purkinje fibers assist in rapidly conducting the impulse through the ventricles, it is the ventricular muscle cells that specifically create the QRS complex. Therefore, choice D, Ventricular muscle cells, is the correct answer. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they are primarily involved in initiating and coordinating the electrical impulses in the heart but do not directly generate the QRS complex on an ECG.

4. What is the scientific term for a broken bone?

• A. Osteoporosis
• B. Fracture
• C. Sprain
• D. Dislocation

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The scientific term for a broken bone is a fracture. Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by weak and brittle bones, not a broken bone. A sprain involves an injury to a ligament, not a bone. Dislocation occurs when the ends of bones are forced out of their normal positions at a joint, which is different from a fracture.

5. What property of a wave determines the loudness of sound when heard by the human ear?

• A. Frequency
• B. Amplitude
• C. Wavelength
• D. Velocity

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The amplitude of a wave determines the loudness of sound when heard by the human ear. The greater the amplitude of a sound wave, the louder the sound will be perceived. Frequency (Choice A) refers to the number of wave cycles in a given time period. Wavelength (Choice C) is the distance between two corresponding points on a wave. Velocity (Choice D) is the speed at which the wave travels and does not directly affect the loudness of sound perceived by the human ear.

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