how did life most likely arise on earth

ATI TEAS 7

TEAS 7 practice test free science

1. How did life most likely arise on Earth?

A. From simple organic molecules in a primordial soup
B. By spontaneous generation from non-living matter
C. Through the arrival of extraterrestrial life forms
D. We still don't know for sure

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The most widely accepted scientific theory for the origin of life on Earth is abiogenesis, which suggests that life arose from simple organic molecules in a primordial soup. This theory is supported by experiments such as the Miller-Urey experiment, which demonstrated that the basic building blocks of life could have formed under early Earth conditions. While there are other hypotheses and ongoing research in this field, the primordial soup theory is currently the most plausible explanation for the origin of life on Earth. Option B, spontaneous generation from non-living matter, has been disproven and is not considered a valid explanation. Option C, the arrival of extraterrestrial life forms, lacks evidence and is not a widely accepted theory. Option D, stating that we still don't know for sure, is true to some extent as the origin of life is a complex topic, but current scientific understanding leans towards abiogenesis from simple organic molecules in a primordial soup.

2. What are the four types of cells in the gastric glands of the stomach mucosa?

A. Endocrine, parietal, chief, mucous cells
B. Parietal, mucous, goblet, endocrine cells
C. Chief, parietal, goblet, lymphoid cells
D. Goblet, lymphoid, parietal, chief cells

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Endocrine, parietal, chief, mucous cells. In the gastric glands of the stomach mucosa, the four types of cells are endocrine (producing hormones), parietal (secreting acid and intrinsic factor), chief (responsible for producing digestive enzymes), and mucous cells (providing protection to the stomach lining). These cells play essential roles in the digestive processes and maintaining the health of the stomach mucosa. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately represent the types of cells found in the gastric glands of the stomach mucosa. Parietal cells secrete acid and intrinsic factor, chief cells produce digestive enzymes, and mucous cells provide protection, making these the correct choices in the context of gastric gland cellular composition.

3. What happens to the internal energy of a system when it performs work on its surroundings?

A. It increases.
B. It decreases.
C. It remains the same.
D. Insufficient information.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When a system performs work on its surroundings, it loses energy in the form of work done. This results in a decrease in the internal energy of the system. Work done by the system is considered as negative work, leading to a decrease in internal energy. Therefore, the correct answer is that the internal energy decreases when a system performs work on its surroundings. Choice A is incorrect as the internal energy decreases, not increases. Choice C is incorrect because the internal energy changes due to the work done. Choice D is incorrect because the information provided is sufficient to determine the change in internal energy.

4. A ball is thrown upwards. Which of the following statements is TRUE about its potential energy and kinetic energy at the peak of its trajectory?

A. Both potential and kinetic energy are zero.
B. Potential energy is maximum and kinetic energy is minimum.
C. Potential energy is minimum and kinetic energy is maximum.
D. Both potential and kinetic energy remain constant.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: At the peak of its trajectory, the ball momentarily stops moving before falling back down. This means its kinetic energy is at a minimum because it has come to a stop. At the same time, its potential energy is at a maximum because it is at the highest point in its trajectory, where it has the most potential to fall and convert that potential energy into kinetic energy as it descends. Choice A is incorrect because at the peak, the ball still has potential energy due to its height. Choice C is incorrect because kinetic energy is at a minimum when the ball is momentarily at rest. Choice D is incorrect because the energy conversion between potential and kinetic energy occurs at different points in the trajectory.

5. What information can be obtained directly from the element's atomic number?

A. Its atomic mass
B. Its position on the periodic table
C. Its number of neutrons
D. Its chemical properties

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The atomic number of an element represents the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. This number determines the element's unique identity and its position on the periodic table. The atomic mass (option A) is not directly determined by the atomic number but is a weighted average of the isotopes of an element. The number of neutrons (option C) is not directly provided by the atomic number but can be calculated by subtracting the atomic number from the atomic mass. The position on the periodic table (option B) is directly related to the atomic number, as elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number. The chemical properties of an element (option D) are influenced by the number of protons in the nucleus, which is determined by the atomic number.