Nursing Elites

1. What is the relationship between mass and weight on Earth's surface?

• A. Mass and weight are equal
• B. Mass is greater than weight
• C. Weight is greater than mass
• D. Mass and weight are not related

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Weight is greater than mass. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object, while weight is the force of gravity acting on that object. On Earth's surface, weight is greater than mass because gravity pulls objects towards the center of the Earth, resulting in a force that we perceive as weight. Choice A is incorrect because mass and weight are not equal; weight is a force, while mass is a measure of the amount of matter. Choice B is incorrect because mass is not greater than weight; weight is the force exerted due to gravity. Choice D is incorrect as mass and weight are related; weight is dependent on mass and the gravitational force acting on the object.

2. Which type of lens focuses parallel light rays to a single point?

• A. Concave lens
• B. Convex lens
• C. Cylindrical lens
• D. Plano lens

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A convex lens focuses parallel light rays to a single point by causing them to converge. This lens is thicker in the center than at the edges, which helps in converging the light rays. Convex lenses are commonly used for tasks like magnification and focusing due to their ability to bring distant light rays to a single focal point. Choice A, the concave lens, diverges light rays rather than converging them, making it incorrect. Choice C, the cylindrical lens, is designed to focus light along one axis rather than converging parallel light rays to a single point. Choice D, the plano lens, has no curvatures to bend or focus light rays, so it does not converge parallel light rays.

3. Which term refers to the relaxation of the heart muscle?

• A. Diastole
• B. Systole
• C. Asystole
• D. Cardiastole

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Diastole. Diastole is the phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle relaxes, allowing the chambers to fill with blood. Systole, on the other hand, refers to the contraction phase of the heart when it pumps blood out. Asystole is the absence of heart contractions, often referred to as cardiac arrest. Cardiastole is not a recognized medical term in relation to heart muscle relaxation, making it an incorrect choice.

4. What property of a wave determines its pitch in sound waves?

• A. Amplitude
• B. Frequency
• C. Wavelength
• D. Speed

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The pitch of a sound wave is determined by its frequency. Frequency is the number of cycles of a wave that occur in a given time period. Higher frequencies correspond to higher pitches, while lower frequencies correspond to lower pitches. Amplitude refers to the intensity or loudness of a sound wave, wavelength is the distance between two consecutive points in a wave, and speed is the rate at which a wave travels through a medium. Therefore, in sound waves, it is the frequency that primarily determines the pitch, making option B the correct answer.

5. How does RNA polymerase differ from DNA polymerase?

• A. Both enzymes are identical in function and structure.
• B. RNA polymerase does not require a primer to initiate RNA synthesis.
• C. RNA polymerase can synthesize both RNA and DNA.
• D. RNA polymerase can only synthesize RNA, unlike DNA polymerase.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: A) This statement is incorrect. RNA polymerase and DNA polymerase are not identical in function and structure. They have different roles in the cell. B) This statement is correct. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase does not require a primer to initiate RNA synthesis. RNA polymerase can start the synthesis of RNA de novo. C) This statement is incorrect. RNA polymerase is specialized for synthesizing RNA, not DNA. DNA polymerase is responsible for synthesizing DNA. D) This statement is correct. RNA polymerase can only synthesize RNA, while DNA polymerase is responsible for synthesizing DNA.

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