Nursing Elites

1. What is the protective sac surrounding the testes in the male reproductive system?

• A. Vas deferens
• B. Scrotum
• C. Epididymis
• D. Urethra

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The scrotum is the correct answer, as it is the protective sac surrounding the testes in the male reproductive system. The scrotum's role is crucial in maintaining the optimal temperature for proper sperm production by regulating the distance of the testes from the body. The vas deferens is a duct responsible for transporting sperm from the testes to the urethra, not the protective sac surrounding the testes. The epididymis is a coiled tube where sperm mature and are stored before ejaculation, not the protective sac. The urethra is a tube that serves as a common passageway for both urine and semen to exit the body, not the protective sac surrounding the testes.

2. When a person pushes a box across the floor, which of the following forces is NOT doing work?

• A. The person's pushing force
• B. The normal force from the floor
• C. The gravitational force on the box
• D. The frictional force between the box and the floor

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The normal force from the floor is perpendicular to the direction of motion of the box, so it does not contribute to the work being done. Work is only done by forces acting in the direction of motion of an object. In this case, the normal force is acting at a right angle to the motion, hence it does not perform any work on the box. The person's pushing force, the gravitational force, and the frictional force are all acting in the direction of motion of the box, so they contribute to the work being done in moving the box across the floor.

3. What condition is characterized by progressive muscle weakness and wasting?

• A. Muscular dystrophy
• B. Myositis
• C. Fibromyalgia
• D. Carpal tunnel syndrome

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Muscular dystrophy is a genetic disorder characterized by progressive muscle weakness and wasting due to mutations in genes responsible for muscle cells' structure and function. Myositis is an inflammatory muscle disease, fibromyalgia is a chronic pain condition, and carpal tunnel syndrome affects the hand and arm nerves, but none present with the progressive muscle weakness and wasting seen in muscular dystrophy.

4. How are the motor pathways of the ANS arranged?

• A. Single neuron from CNS to target organ
• B. Two neurons, a pre-ganglionic and post-ganglionic neuron
• C. Multiple neurons from CNS to target organ
• D. Single neuron from CNS to peripheral ganglia

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. The motor pathways of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) are organized with two neurons: a pre-ganglionic neuron that transmits the signal from the central nervous system (CNS) to a ganglion, and a post-ganglionic neuron that conveys the signal from the ganglion to the target organ. This dual-neuron pathway enables the integration and modulation of signals before reaching the target organ, allowing for a more sophisticated and adaptable control system. Choice A is incorrect as it describes a single neuron pathway, which is not characteristic of ANS motor pathways. Choice C is incorrect as it suggests multiple neurons from the CNS to the target organ, which is not the typical arrangement. Choice D is incorrect as it describes a single neuron pathway from the CNS to peripheral ganglia, which does not account for the ganglionic transmission in ANS motor pathways.

5. Which of the following equations represents a redox reaction?

• A. 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O
• B. Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2
• C. 2NaCl → 2Na + Cl2
• D. CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A redox reaction involves the transfer of electrons between reactants. In option B, Zn loses electrons to form Zn2+ while H+ gains electrons to form H2. This exchange of electrons demonstrates a redox reaction, making choice B the correct answer. In options A, C, and D, there is no clear transfer of electrons between the reactants, indicating that they are not redox reactions. Option A represents a synthesis reaction, option C represents a decomposition reaction, and option D represents a combustion reaction. These types of reactions do not involve the transfer of electrons between reactants, unlike a redox reaction.

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