what is the periodic table

ATI TEAS 7

TEAS version 7 quizlet science

1. What is the periodic table?

A. A table of elements that are arranged in order of increasing atomic number.
B. A table of elements that are arranged in order of increasing atomic mass.
C. A table of elements that are arranged in order of their reactivity.
D. A table of elements that are arranged in order of their color.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of the chemical elements, organized based on their atomic number, electron configurations, and recurring chemical properties. Elements are placed in rows (periods) and columns (groups) with similar properties. The elements are listed in order of increasing atomic number, which is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. This arrangement reveals a periodic repetition of chemical properties, forming the basis of the periodic law. Choice B, which suggests arranging elements based on increasing atomic mass, is incorrect because the periodic table is primarily organized by atomic number, not atomic mass. Choices C and D are also incorrect as the periodic table is not based on reactivity or color of elements, but rather on atomic number and properties.

2. What functional group is present in ethers?

A. Hydroxyl
B. Carbonyl
C. Ether
D. Amine

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The functional group present in ethers is -O-, representing an oxygen atom bonded to two alkyl or aryl groups. Therefore, choice C, 'Ether,' is the correct answer. Choices A, B, and D refer to different functional groups: hydroxyl (-OH), carbonyl (C=O), and amine (NH2), respectively, which are not present in ethers. Ethers are characterized by the oxygen atom bonded to two carbon groups, distinguishing them from the other functional groups mentioned in the choices.

3. What is the primary function of ribosomes in the cell?

A. To synthesize lipids and other cellular components
B. To package and transport proteins
C. To break down macromolecules
D. To translate mRNA into proteins

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Ribosomes are cellular organelles responsible for protein synthesis. They read the genetic information encoded in messenger RNA (mRNA) and use this information to assemble amino acids into a specific sequence, forming a protein. This process is known as translation and is essential for the production of proteins that carry out various functions in the cell. Options A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not accurately describe the primary function of ribosomes. Choice A is incorrect because the synthesis of lipids and other cellular components is not the primary function of ribosomes. Choice B is incorrect as packaging and transporting proteins are functions typically associated with the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. Choice C is incorrect because ribosomes do not break down macromolecules; instead, they are involved in building proteins from amino acids.

4. What are the two main divisions of the skeletal system?

A. Upper and lower body bones
B. Axial and appendicular skeleton
C. Long and short bones
D. Compact and spongy bone

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The skeletal system is divided into two main divisions: the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton comprises the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage, providing structural support and protection for vital organs. On the other hand, the appendicular skeleton includes the bones of the upper and lower limbs, shoulder girdle, and pelvic girdle, facilitating movement and flexibility. The divisions are based on the location and function of the bones within the skeletal system, making choices A, C, and D incorrect as they do not represent the primary divisions of the skeletal system.

5. What is the product of translation from an RNA template?

A. DNA
B. Lipid
C. Polypeptide
D. Carbohydrate

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Translation is the process by which the genetic information carried by mRNA is decoded to synthesize a polypeptide chain. This essential process occurs at the ribosomes within the cell. The product of translation from an RNA template is a polypeptide, not DNA, lipid, or carbohydrate. DNA is involved in transcription, lipids are not directly produced in translation, and carbohydrates are not synthesized through translation. Therefore, the correct product resulting from translation from an RNA template is a polypeptide, making choice C, 'Polypeptide,' the correct answer.