Nursing Elites

1. What is the name of the growth plates in children's bones where new bone tissue is formed?

• A. Epiphyses
• B. Diaphysis
• C. Periosteum
• D. Medullary cavity

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Epiphyses. Epiphyses are cartilaginous areas found at the ends of long bones, enabling growth and bone lengthening during childhood and adolescence. The diaphysis refers to the main shaft of a long bone. The periosteum is the outer bone layer responsible for nourishment and aiding in bone repair. The medullary cavity is the central cavity within the diaphysis that contains bone marrow but is not involved in new bone tissue formation.

2. What is the primary function of the nervous system?

• A. To produce hormones
• B. To transmit electrical impulses
• C. To carry oxygen
• D. To transport nutrients

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To transmit electrical impulses. The primary function of the nervous system is to transmit electrical impulses and coordinate body activities. While hormones are produced by the endocrine system, not the nervous system, oxygen transportation is mainly carried out by the respiratory system, and nutrient transport is primarily the role of the circulatory system. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the primary function of the nervous system.

3. Which term refers to the relaxation of the heart muscle?

• A. Diastole
• B. Systole
• C. Asystole
• D. Cardiastole

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Diastole. Diastole is the phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle relaxes, allowing the chambers to fill with blood. Systole, on the other hand, refers to the contraction phase of the heart when it pumps blood out. Asystole is the absence of heart contractions, often referred to as cardiac arrest. Cardiastole is not a recognized medical term in relation to heart muscle relaxation, making it an incorrect choice.

4. What happens to the density of a substance if its mass increases while its volume remains constant?

• A. Density increases
• B. Density decreases
• C. Density remains constant
• D. Density becomes zero

Correct answer: A

Rationale: When the mass of a substance increases while its volume remains constant, the density, which is calculated by dividing mass by volume, will increase. This is because with a higher mass and the volume staying the same, the ratio of mass to volume (density) will be greater, resulting in an overall increase in density. Choice B, 'Density decreases,' is incorrect because an increase in mass with constant volume leads to a higher density. Choice C, 'Density remains constant,' is incorrect as an increase in mass will cause the density to increase. Choice D, 'Density becomes zero,' is incorrect because even with an increase in mass, as long as volume remains constant, density will not reach zero; it will increase instead.

5. Which bones are included in the axial skeleton?

• A. Head, neck, and trunk
• B. Arms and legs
• C. Hands and feet
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Head, neck, and trunk. The axial skeleton comprises bones located in the head, neck, and trunk region, such as the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage. These bones provide structural support and protect vital organs like the brain, spinal cord, and heart. Choices B and C are incorrect because arms, legs, hands, and feet are part of the appendicular skeleton, not the axial skeleton. The appendicular skeleton is responsible for movement, manipulation, and mobility, while the axial skeleton primarily provides central support and protection for essential organs.

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