Nursing Elites

1. What is the function of the adrenal glands?

• A. To regulate metabolism
• B. To produce bile
• C. To produce red blood cells
• D. To regulate blood glucose

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: To regulate blood glucose. The adrenal glands play a crucial role in regulating blood glucose levels and the body's response to stress. Choice A, 'To regulate metabolism,' is incorrect as the primary role of the adrenal glands is not directly related to metabolism regulation. Choice B, 'To produce bile,' is incorrect because bile is produced by the liver, not the adrenal glands. Choice C, 'To produce red blood cells,' is also incorrect as the production of red blood cells primarily occurs in the bone marrow, not the adrenal glands.

2. What is the formula to calculate gravitational potential energy near the Earth's surface?

• A. Potential Energy = Mass × Acceleration
• B. Potential Energy = Force × Distance
• C. Potential Energy = Mass × Height × Gravity
• D. Potential Energy = Mass × Acceleration due to gravity × Height

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct formula to calculate gravitational potential energy near the Earth's surface is Potential Energy = Mass × Acceleration due to gravity × Height. This formula considers the mass of the object, the specific acceleration due to gravity near the Earth's surface (approximately 9.81 m/s^2), and the vertical distance from the reference point. Choice A is incorrect as it does not include height in the formula. Choice B is incorrect as it involves force instead of acceleration due to gravity. Choice C is incorrect as it multiplies mass, height, and gravity, missing the actual acceleration due to gravity term.

3. Which structure allows for the selective passage of materials into and out of the cell?

• A. DNA
• B. Protein
• C. Carbohydrate
• D. Phospholipid bilayer

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The phospholipid bilayer is a crucial component of the cell membrane, surrounding the cell and regulating the passage of materials into and out of the cell. Its structure enables it to be selectively permeable, controlling which substances can pass through. DNA, proteins, and carbohydrates are essential molecules in the cell but do not directly govern the passage of materials like the phospholipid bilayer does. Therefore, the correct answer is the phospholipid bilayer.

4. What is the tough, fibrous tissue that connects bones at joints called?

• A. Cartilage
• B. Ligaments
• C. Tendons
• D. Fascia

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Ligaments are the tough, fibrous tissue that connects bones at joints, providing stability and support to prevent excessive movement and potential injury. Cartilage is a smooth, rubbery connective tissue that covers bone ends at joints. Tendons connect muscles to bones, enabling movement. Fascia surrounds muscles, blood vessels, and nerves, providing support and structure to these tissues. In this context, ligaments are specifically the connective tissues that bind bones together at joints, not cartilage, tendons, or fascia.

5. What function do genes serve in the relationship between parents and offspring?

• A. Genes enable hereditary information to be passed from parents to offspring.
• B. Genes prohibit hereditary information from being passed from parents to offspring.
• C. Genes enable environmental factors to affect parents and offspring.
• D. Genes serve no function in the relationship between parents and offspring.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Genes play a crucial role in passing hereditary information from parents to offspring, ensuring the transmission of genetic traits. This process forms the basis of inheritance and genetic continuity between generations. Choice B is incorrect as genes do not prohibit but rather facilitate the transmission of hereditary information. Choice C is incorrect because genes primarily transmit genetic information, while the influence of environmental factors is separate. Choice D is incorrect as genes are fundamental in genetic inheritance and the relationship between parents and offspring.

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