Nursing Elites

1. What is the cellular function of cilia and flagella?

• A. Cilia and flagella are responsible for cell movement.
• B. Cilia and flagella synthesize proteins.
• C. Cilia and flagella help protect the cell from its environment.
• D. Cilia and flagella have enzymes that help with digestion.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cilia and flagella are responsible for cell movement. Cilia and flagella are specialized structures found on the surface of many types of cells. They are involved in the movement of the cell itself or in moving substances around the cell. This movement helps in various functions such as propulsion, moving fluids, and sensing the environment. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Cilia and flagella are not involved in synthesizing proteins, protecting the cell from its environment, or aiding in digestion. Their primary function is related to cell movement and cellular transport.

2. According to Newton's third law of motion, for every action, there is an equal and opposite _________.

• A. Reaction
• B. Force
• C. Acceleration
• D. Momentum

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Newton's third law of motion states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. This law emphasizes that forces always exist in pairs. When one object exerts a force on a second object (action), the second object exerts an equal force in the opposite direction back on the first object (reaction). This principle is crucial in understanding the interactions between objects and the resulting motion observed in the physical world. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because while force is involved, the specific concept highlighted by Newton's third law is the equal and opposite reaction. Acceleration and momentum are also related to motion but are not directly tied to Newton's third law of motion, which focuses on the equality and oppositeness of forces in interactions.

3. What is the term for a solution that contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a specific temperature and pressure?

• A. Saturated solution
• B. Unsaturated solution
• C. Dilute solution
• D. Concentrated solution

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A saturated solution is defined as a solution that has dissolved the maximum amount of solute possible at a specific temperature and pressure. In a saturated solution, any additional solute added will not dissolve, resulting in a visible precipitate. Choice B, unsaturated solution, refers to a solution where more solute can still be dissolved. Choices C and D, dilute solution and concentrated solution, do not specifically refer to the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved at a given temperature and pressure, making them incorrect in this context.

4. Which of the following is an example of an unsaturated fatty acid?

• A. Stearic acid
• B. Palmitic acid
• C. Oleic acid
• D. Butyric acid

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Oleic acid is an example of an unsaturated fatty acid because it contains one or more double bonds in its hydrocarbon chain, leading to kinks in the chain structure. This unsaturation gives it a lower melting point compared to saturated fatty acids. Stearic acid (A), Palmitic acid (B), and Butyric acid (D) are examples of saturated fatty acids as they do not contain any double bonds in their hydrocarbon chains, leading to a straight structure and higher melting points.

5. What is the process by which one element changes into another through radioactive decay known as?

• A. Transmutation
• B. Fission
• C. Fusion
• D. Oxidation

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Transmutation. Transmutation is the correct term to describe the process by which one element changes into another element through radioactive decay. In transmutation, the atomic structure of the element is altered, leading to a change in the element's identity. Choice B, Fission, refers to the splitting of a heavy nucleus into lighter nuclei. Choice C, Fusion, involves the merging of lighter nuclei to form a heavier nucleus. Choice D, Oxidation, is not related to the process of one element changing into another through radioactive decay.

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