Nursing Elites

1. What is one characteristic that differentiates vitamins from minerals?

• A. Vitamins are organic compounds.
• B. Vitamins provide energy.
• C. Vitamins are considered micronutrients.
• D. Vitamins are essential in small amounts.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Vitamins are organic compounds, containing carbon, which is a key characteristic that differentiates them from minerals. Choice B is incorrect because vitamins do not provide energy; they are not a source of calories. Choice C is incorrect as both vitamins and minerals are considered micronutrients due to being essential in small amounts. Choice D is incorrect because while it is true that vitamins are needed in small amounts, this is not the characteristic that sets them apart from minerals.

2. What intervention is recommended for a child with severe dehydration?

• A. Oral rehydration therapy
• B. Intravenous fluid replacement
• C. High-protein diet
• D. Increased physical activity

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Intravenous fluid replacement is the recommended intervention for a child with severe dehydration because it allows for rapid restoration of fluid and electrolyte balance. In severe cases, oral rehydration therapy (Choice A) may not be tolerated due to the child's condition. A high-protein diet (Choice C) is not the primary intervention and does not address the immediate fluid and electrolyte imbalance. Increased physical activity (Choice D) is contraindicated in severe dehydration as it can exacerbate fluid loss, making intravenous fluid replacement the most suitable choice for prompt correction of the severe dehydration.

3. Why would a person who eats a bowl of oatmeal for breakfast every day most likely be making a food choice based on ___?

• A. habit
• B. availability
• C. body image
• D. environmental concerns

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: habit. Eating the same food regularly often stems from habit, which is a behavior that is repeated regularly and tends to occur subconsciously. Choice B, availability, is incorrect as it refers to the accessibility of a particular food rather than the frequency of consumption. Choice C, body image, is also incorrect as this term relates to how one perceives their own body rather than their food choices. Choice D, environmental concerns, is unrelated to the scenario provided, which is about the frequency of choosing oatmeal for breakfast.

4. How should a caregiver handle a child with a known peanut allergy?

• A. Educate on allergen avoidance
• B. Increase exposure to peanuts
• C. Administer antihistamines as needed
• D. Suggest occasional consumption of peanuts

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Educating on allergen avoidance is the correct approach when dealing with a child who has a known peanut allergy. This helps in managing the allergy effectively and preventing potential allergic reactions. Increasing exposure to peanuts (Choice B) is dangerous and can trigger severe allergic reactions in a child with a peanut allergy. While antihistamines (Choice C) can help alleviate some symptoms, they should not be the primary method of managing a peanut allergy. Suggesting occasional consumption of peanuts (Choice D) is extremely risky and should never be done for a child with a known peanut allergy.

5. What is a common early sign of type 1 diabetes in children?

• A. Excessive thirst and frequent urination
• B. Severe abdominal pain
• C. Frequent headaches
• D. Sudden weight gain

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Excessive thirst and frequent urination are common early signs of type 1 diabetes in children. These symptoms occur due to high blood glucose levels, leading to increased thirst and urination. Severe abdominal pain (choice B) is not typically associated with type 1 diabetes. Although frequent headaches (choice C) can occur in some cases, they are not as specific to type 1 diabetes as excessive thirst and frequent urination. Sudden weight gain (choice D) is not a common early sign of type 1 diabetes; in fact, unexplained weight loss is more characteristic of the condition.

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