what are the complications of untreated dvt

ATI LPN

ATI PN Comprehensive Predictor 2024

1. What are the complications of untreated DVT?

A. Pulmonary embolism and stroke
B. Infection and kidney failure
C. Hypertension and vision loss
D. Dehydration and electrolyte imbalance

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pulmonary embolism and stroke. Untreated DVT can result in these serious complications, emphasizing the importance of timely intervention. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not represent common complications associated with untreated deep vein thrombosis. Infection and kidney failure, hypertension and vision loss, as well as dehydration and electrolyte imbalance are not typically direct consequences of untreated DVT.

2. A nurse is admitting a client who has anorexia nervosa. Which of the following is an expected finding?

A. Iron 90 mcg/dl.
B. Prealbumin 10 mcg/dl.
C. Serum creatinine 0.8 mg/dl.
D. Calcium 9.5 mg/dl.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Corrected Rationale: Low prealbumin levels are indicative of malnutrition, which is common in individuals with anorexia nervosa. Iron levels, serum creatinine, and calcium levels are not typically affected in the same way by anorexia nervosa, making choices A, C, and D incorrect.

3. A nurse is preparing to perform a sterile dressing change. Which of the following actions should the nurse take when setting up the sterile field?

A. Place the cap from the solution sterile side up on a clean surface.
B. Open the outermost flap of the sterile kit away from the body.
C. Place the sterile dressing within 1.25 cm (0.5 in) of the edge of the sterile field.
D. Set up the sterile field 5 cm (2 in) above waist level.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: To maintain the sterility of the field, the nurse should place the cap from the solution sterile side up on a clean surface. This action helps prevent contamination. Choice B is incorrect because opening the outermost flap toward the body increases the risk of introducing contaminants onto the sterile field. Choice C is incorrect as the sterile dressing should be placed at least 2.5 cm (1 in) from the edge of the sterile field to prevent accidental contamination. Choice D is incorrect because setting up the sterile field above waist level could lead to inadvertent contact and compromise the field's sterility.

4. A client with an acute myocardial infarction is concerned about extreme fatigue. What is the best strategy to promote independence in self-care?

A. Instruct the client to limit all activity until fully rested
B. Encourage the client to gradually resume self-care tasks with rest periods
C. Assign assistive personnel to complete self-care tasks
D. Ask the client's family to assist with self-care

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Encouraging the client to gradually resume self-care tasks with rest periods is the best strategy to promote independence in self-care for a client with acute myocardial infarction. This approach allows the client to regain independence while considering the need for rest to prevent overexertion. Instructing the client to limit all activity until fully rested (Choice A) may hinder independence by promoting inactivity. Assigning assistive personnel to complete self-care tasks (Choice C) does not promote the client's independence. Asking the client's family to assist with self-care (Choice D) may not foster the client's self-reliance and may not always be feasible.

5. What are the nursing considerations when administering blood products?

A. Monitor vital signs and check for allergic reactions
B. Verify blood type and compatibility before transfusion
C. Monitor for signs of infection and sepsis
D. Ensure consent is signed and prepare for possible reaction

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Monitor vital signs and check for allergic reactions. When administering blood products, monitoring vital signs such as blood pressure, heart rate, and temperature is crucial to detect any adverse reactions promptly. Checking for allergic reactions, such as hives, itching, or difficulty breathing, is essential to ensure patient safety. Choice B is incorrect because verifying blood type and compatibility is typically done by the laboratory before the blood is issued for transfusion. Choice C is not a direct nursing consideration during the administration of blood products. While monitoring for signs of infection and sepsis is important in general patient care, it is not specific to blood transfusions. Choice D is also incorrect as ensuring consent is signed and preparing for possible reactions are important but do not directly relate to the immediate nursing considerations during blood product administration.