Nursing Elites

1. Where is Vitamin B12 found?

• A. Whole grains.
• B. Nuts.
• C. Meats.
• D. Legumes.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Vitamin B12 is primarily found in animal-derived foods like meats. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as whole grains, nuts, and legumes do not naturally contain significant amounts of Vitamin B12. Therefore, the correct answer is 'C: Meats.'

2. What is a primary function of macronutrients in the body?

• A. Regulate metabolic processes.
• B. Supply energy.
• C. Maintain homeostasis.
• D. Control cellular activity.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Supply energy. The primary function of macronutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins is to supply energy for various bodily functions. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because while regulating metabolic processes, maintaining homeostasis, and controlling cellular activity are essential functions in the body, they are not the primary roles of macronutrients. Macronutrients mainly serve as a source of energy to support daily activities and bodily functions.

3. How is the enzyme trypsin activated?

• A. By zymogen.
• B. By bile.
• C. By gastrin.
• D. By enterokinase.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: By enterokinase. Trypsin is activated by enterokinase, an enzyme secreted by the small intestine. Enterokinase plays a crucial role in converting trypsinogen into its active form, trypsin. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because trypsin is specifically activated by enterokinase, not by zymogen, bile, or gastrin.

4. What can excessive intakes of dietary protein do?

• A. cause vitamin deficiencies.
• B. impair kidney function.
• C. increase weight loss.
• D. decrease production of indispensable amino acids.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Excessive intake of dietary protein can lead to impaired kidney function over time. Excessive protein consumption can put a strain on the kidneys as they work to eliminate the byproducts of protein metabolism. This can potentially lead to kidney damage. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Excessive protein intake is not directly linked to causing vitamin deficiencies, increasing weight loss, or decreasing the production of indispensable amino acids.

5. A food choice equivalent to one serving from the Grains group of MyPlate is:

• A. one slice of bread
• B. 2 cups of rice
• C. 3 cups of spaghetti
• D. 4 oz of ready-to-eat cereal

Correct answer: A

Rationale: One slice of bread is a standard serving from the Grains group in MyPlate. This choice aligns with the recommended portion size for grains. Choices B, C, and D are excessive portions that do not represent a single serving according to MyPlate guidelines. 2 cups of rice, 3 cups of spaghetti, and 4 oz of ready-to-eat cereal exceed the standard serving size for grains and would provide more than one serving from this food group.

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