Nursing Elites

1. Urine, the liquid waste product of the body, travels from the kidneys to the bladder through tubes called:

• A. Ureters
• B. Urethra
• C. Nephrons
• D. Renal pelvis

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Ureters.' Ureters are tubes that connect each kidney to the bladder. They transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder for storage before excretion. The urethra, which is not the correct answer, is responsible for carrying urine from the bladder out of the body. Nephrons, another incorrect choice, are microscopic units within the kidneys that filter blood and produce urine. The renal pelvis, also an incorrect choice, is a structure in the kidney where urine collects before moving into the ureters for further passage to the bladder.

2. Which organelle is responsible for producing energy in the cell?

• A. Nucleus
• B. Mitochondria
• C. Golgi apparatus
• D. Ribosome

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Mitochondria. Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell and are responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP through the process of cellular respiration. The other organelles listed, such as the nucleus, Golgi apparatus, and ribosome, have different functions within the cell and are not directly involved in energy production. The nucleus is responsible for storing genetic material and controlling cell activities. The Golgi apparatus is involved in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins. Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis.

3. Which of the following compounds often contains a carboxyl group?

• A. Carbohydrates
• B. Glycolipids
• C. Amino Acids
• D. DNA

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Amino Acids. Amino acids, the building blocks of proteins, contain both an amine group and a carboxyl group. The carboxyl group (-COOH) is crucial for the structure and function of proteins as it participates in peptide bond formation. Carbohydrates and DNA do not typically contain carboxyl groups as a functional group. Glycolipids consist of a carbohydrate chain linked to a lipid, but they do not inherently contain a carboxyl group.

4. What happens to the frequency of a wave when its wavelength is doubled, assuming the speed remains constant?

• A. Frequency remains the same.
• B. Frequency is halved.
• C. Frequency is doubled.
• D. Frequency information is insufficient to determine.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When the wavelength of a wave is doubled, and the speed of the wave remains constant, the frequency of the wave is halved. This relationship is governed by the equation speed = frequency x wavelength. Therefore, if the wavelength is doubled while the speed remains constant, the frequency must be halved to maintain a constant speed. Choice A is incorrect because frequency and wavelength are inversely proportional when speed is constant. Choice C is incorrect as doubling the wavelength does not result in a doubled frequency. Choice D is incorrect as the relationship between frequency, wavelength, and speed can be determined using the given information.

5. What is the primary function of hematopoietic tissue?

• A. Building and repairing bone
• B. Supporting and connecting tissues
• C. Production of blood cells
• D. Contracting for movement

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The primary function of hematopoietic tissue is the production of blood cells. Hematopoietic tissue, primarily found in the bone marrow, is responsible for generating red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. These blood cells are vital for oxygen transport, immune response, and blood clotting. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not reflect the main function of hematopoietic tissue. Building and repairing bone is primarily carried out by osteoblasts and osteoclasts, supporting and connecting tissues is a role of connective tissues like tendons and ligaments, and contracting for movement is a function of muscle tissue.

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