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ATI Pediatrics Proctored Exam 2023 with NGN
1. To prevent diarrhea in children, a vaccine is available against which of the following?
- A. Adenovirus
- B. Rotavirus
- C. Enterovirus
- D. All of the above
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B - Rotavirus. Rotavirus vaccine is available to prevent diarrhea in children. Rotavirus is a common cause of severe diarrhea in infants and young children globally, and vaccination has been shown to be effective in reducing the burden of this disease. Choices A and C are incorrect because there is no specific vaccine available for Adenovirus or Enterovirus to prevent diarrhea in children. Choice D is incorrect because while vaccines are available for some viruses that can cause diarrhea in children, not all mentioned in the choices have a specific vaccine available.
2. Which of the following is an abnormal finding when assessing the abdomen of a newborn?
- A. The umbilical cord has two arteries and one vein.
- B. The presence of green vomit.
- C. The liver is palpable 1 to 2 cm below the costal margin.
- D. The abdomen is soft and nondistended.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. The presence of green vomit in a newborn is an abnormal finding and indicates a possible intestinal obstruction. This finding requires immediate attention and further investigation. Choices A, C, and D are normal findings in a newborn's abdomen assessment. A newborn typically has an umbilical cord with two arteries and one vein, a liver that may be palpable 1 to 2 cm below the costal margin due to its normal size in a neonate, and a soft, nondistended abdomen as expected in healthy newborns.
3. Beta-adrenergic agonists such as Salbutamol are given to Reggie, a child with asthma. Such drugs are administered primarily to do which of the following?
- A. Dilate the bronchioles
- B. Reduce secondary infections
- C. Decrease postnasal drip
- D. Reduce airway inflammation
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Beta-adrenergic agonists like Salbutamol are used to dilate the bronchioles in asthma patients. This action helps in relieving bronchospasms and improving airflow to the lungs, making breathing easier for the individual. While reducing inflammation is an essential part of asthma management, beta-adrenergic agonists primarily work by relaxing the smooth muscles around the airways, leading to bronchodilation. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because beta-adrenergic agonists are not primarily used to reduce secondary infections, decrease postnasal drip, or directly reduce airway inflammation in asthma patients.
4. One of the signs of CHF is shortness of breath. What is the term for shortness of breath when lying down?
- A. Platypnea
- B. Orthopnea
- C. Apnea
- D. Epistaxis
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Orthopnea is the specific term used to describe shortness of breath when lying down. This condition is commonly seen in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) due to the redistribution of fluid in the body when changing positions. Platypnea refers to shortness of breath that worsens when sitting or standing, apnea is the cessation of breathing, and epistaxis is the medical term for a nosebleed. Therefore, the correct answer is B (Orthopnea).
5. How should you assist with the delivery of the baby's head?
- A. Grasping each side of the baby's head and gently pulling to facilitate delivery.
- B. Placing your fingers on the bony part of the skull and applying gentle pressure.
- C. Carefully rotating the baby's head to face up during delivery.
- D. Placing the palm of your hand firmly against the back of the baby's skull.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: To assist with the delivery of the baby's head, the correct technique involves placing your fingers on the bony part of the skull and applying gentle pressure. This method helps guide the baby's head through the birth canal safely and effectively. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Grasping and pulling the baby's head, rotating the head, or placing the palm of your hand against the back of the baby's skull can potentially cause harm or complications during delivery.
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