Nursing Elites

1. The professional primarily responsible for the application of nutrition science in clinical practice settings is the:

• A. nurse.
• B. physician.
• C. public health nutritionist.
• D. registered dietitian.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: registered dietitian. A registered dietitian is a healthcare professional with specialized training in nutrition and dietetics, making them primarily responsible for applying nutrition science in clinical practice settings. Nurses (choice A) and physicians (choice B) may have some knowledge of nutrition, but a registered dietitian has specific expertise in this area. Public health nutritionists (choice C) typically focus on community nutrition and public health programs, rather than clinical practice settings.

2. How many kilocalories are provided by 15 grams of protein?

• A. 15
• B. 45
• C. 60
• D. 135

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Protein provides 4 kcal per gram. Therefore, 15 grams of protein will provide 15 grams x 4 kcal/gram = 60 kcal. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not consider the caloric value of protein correctly.

3. Which age group is particularly vulnerable to malnutrition?

• A. Infants
• B. Teenagers
• C. Young adults
• D. Middle-aged adults

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Infants are particularly vulnerable to malnutrition due to their high growth rate and specific nutrient requirements. During the first year of life, infants experience rapid growth and development, requiring essential nutrients for proper physical and cognitive development. Teenagers, young adults, and middle-aged adults have more stable nutritional needs compared to infants, making them less vulnerable to malnutrition. Therefore, infants are the most susceptible age group when it comes to malnutrition.

4. In addition to protein, which nutrients contribute to the building and repair of tissue?

• A. Vitamins
• B. Carbohydrates
• C. Fats
• D. Enzymes

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Vitamins. Vitamins play a crucial role in tissue building and repair along with protein. Carbohydrates (choice B) are primarily a source of energy and not directly involved in tissue building. Fats (choice C) are important for energy storage and insulation but are not the main contributors to tissue building. Enzymes (choice D) are biological catalysts and do not directly contribute to tissue building and repair.

5. What are the major sources of energy for the body?

• A. Proteins and fats.
• B. Carbohydrates and fats.
• C. Proteins and carbohydrates.
• D. Vitamins and minerals.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Carbohydrates and fats. Carbohydrates are the body's primary and most efficient source of energy, providing fuel for daily activities. Fats are also a significant energy source, especially during times of prolonged or intense exercise. Proteins are primarily used for building and repairing tissues, not as a major energy source. Vitamins and minerals are essential for various bodily functions but do not serve as direct sources of energy.

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