Nursing Elites

1. The nurse is teaching a client about the healthy use of ego defense mechanisms. An appropriate goal for this client would be

• A. Reduce fear and protect self-esteem
• B. Minimize anxiety and delay apprehension
• C. Avoid conflict and leave unpleasant situations
• D. Increase independence and communicate more effectively

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Reduce fear and protect self-esteem.' When teaching a client about the healthy use of ego defense mechanisms, the goal is to help the individual manage emotions effectively without denying reality. Using defense mechanisms in a healthy way aims to reduce fear and protect self-esteem while still addressing underlying issues. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not focus on the core principles of using defense mechanisms in a healthy manner. Minimizing anxiety and delaying apprehension, avoiding conflict and leaving unpleasant situations, and increasing independence and communicating more effectively do not directly align with the goal of utilizing ego defense mechanisms in a constructive way.

2. As the new PHN in barangay Masinag, what is necessary to conduct in order to get a picture of the health and social status of the community?

• A. Mass information campaign
• B. Home visit
• C. Community assembly
• D. Community health survey

Correct answer: D

Rationale: To accurately assess the health and social status of a community, conducting a community health survey is essential. This method provides a comprehensive and systematic way to gather data on various health indicators and social determinants within the community. Choices A, B, and C are not as effective in providing a holistic view of the community's health and social status. A mass information campaign may raise awareness but lacks in-depth data collection, a home visit focuses on individual households rather than the entire community, and a community assembly may not reach all community members or provide structured data collection.

3. When designing a community health project based on a report provided by the World Health Organization that describes healthcare problems in the United States, which healthcare issue should the nurse prioritize the highest when planning the project?

• A. Overuse of diagnostic technology.
• B. Government-based health insurance.
• C. The neonatal and infant mortality rates.
• D. Number of people without access to health care.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The neonatal and infant mortality rates should be given the highest priority when planning the project because they are critical indicators of the overall health and healthcare system's effectiveness. High neonatal and infant mortality rates signify underlying issues in prenatal care, access to healthcare services, and quality of care for newborns and infants. Choice A, overuse of diagnostic technology, though important, may not be as critical as addressing neonatal and infant mortality rates. Choice B, government-based health insurance, is significant but may not directly impact neonatal and infant mortality rates. Choice D, the number of people without access to healthcare, is a crucial issue, but addressing neonatal and infant mortality rates should take precedence due to their immediate impact on the health and well-being of the most vulnerable population.

4. What is a critical factor in determining community health?

• A. Number of hospitals
• B. Availability of healthcare services
• C. Socioeconomic status
• D. Population density

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The availability of healthcare services is a critical factor in determining community health. While the number of hospitals may contribute to healthcare accessibility, it is the overall availability of healthcare services that encompasses various factors including hospitals, clinics, healthcare providers, and resources. Socioeconomic status and population density are important determinants of health outcomes, but the direct availability of healthcare services plays a more immediate and direct role in promoting community health.

5. To be an effective educator, you should:

• A. listen to people's problems and decide on the approach to meet their needs
• B. select the best strategy for health action for people to implement
• C. direct people's efforts to implement community-based projects
• D. simply tell your clients what to do for their problems/needs

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is to select the best strategy for health action for people to implement because it empowers the community to take ownership of their health. Listening to people's problems (Choice A) is important, but the effectiveness lies in empowering them to implement solutions. Directing people's efforts (Choice C) can be directive and may not foster community ownership. Just telling clients what to do (Choice D) does not promote active participation and empowerment.

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