Nursing Elites

1. The nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus. Which instruction is most important to prevent complications?

• A. Monitor blood glucose levels regularly
• B. Maintain a low-fat diet
• C. Exercise regularly
• D. Take medication as prescribed

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Regular monitoring of blood glucose levels is crucial in managing diabetes and preventing complications. This allows the client and healthcare team to make timely adjustments to the treatment plan. While maintaining a low-fat diet, exercising regularly, and taking medication as prescribed are all important aspects of diabetes management, monitoring blood glucose levels takes precedence as it provides real-time information about the client's condition and helps prevent acute complications.

2. A terminally ill male client and his family request hospice care after discharge. What aspect of care should the nurse indicate is the focus of hospice?

• A. Enhance symptom management to improve end-of-life quality
• B. Facilitate assisted suicide with the client's consent
• C. Offer ways to postpone the death experience at home
• D. Provide training for family members to care for the client

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Hospice care focuses on enhancing symptom management to improve the end-of-life quality for terminally ill patients and their families. Hospice aims to provide comfort, dignity, and support during the end-of-life journey. Choice B is incorrect as hospice care does not involve assisted suicide but focuses on providing palliative care. Choice C is incorrect as hospice care does not aim to postpone the death experience but rather to provide support and comfort during this time. Choice D is incorrect as while hospice care may involve educating family members on caring for the client, the primary focus is on symptom management and quality of life.

3. A client is scheduled for an abdominal ultrasound in the morning and has been instructed to fast overnight. The client asks the nurse why fasting is necessary. What is the best response?

• A. It helps reduce the production of intestinal gases.
• B. It ensures clearer imaging by emptying the stomach.
• C. It prevents the risk of aspiration during the procedure.
• D. It is a standard procedure for all surgical interventions.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'It ensures clearer imaging by emptying the stomach.' Fasting before an abdominal ultrasound is essential to empty the stomach, allowing for better visualization of the abdominal organs. This improves the quality of the imaging and enhances diagnostic accuracy. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because reducing intestinal gases, preventing aspiration, and being a standard procedure for surgical interventions are not the primary reasons for fasting before an abdominal ultrasound.

4. A client with a chronic illness expresses frustration over their condition. What is the nurse's best response to support the client?

• A. Encourage joining a support group for emotional support
• B. Discuss the possibility of a cure in the future
• C. Suggest focusing on positive aspects of their life
• D. Validate their feelings and listen to their concerns

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The best response for the nurse to support a client expressing frustration over their chronic illness is to validate their feelings and listen to their concerns (Option D). This approach helps acknowledge the client's emotions, demonstrates empathy, and establishes a therapeutic relationship. By validating the client's feelings and actively listening to their concerns, the nurse offers a supportive environment for the client to express their frustrations. Choices A, B, and C are not the best responses in this situation. While joining a support group, discussing a cure, or focusing on positive aspects can be beneficial interventions, the immediate priority is to validate the client's feelings and provide a space for them to express their frustrations.

5. What intervention should the nurse implement for a client experiencing an anxiety attack?

• A. Teach deep breathing exercises
• B. Provide a quiet environment
• C. Administer anxiolytic medication as prescribed
• D. Engage the client in conversation

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Administering prescribed anxiolytic medication is the most appropriate intervention for a client experiencing an anxiety attack. Anxiolytic medications can provide rapid relief from severe anxiety symptoms. Teaching deep breathing exercises (choice A) can be helpful for managing mild anxiety but may not be sufficient during an acute anxiety attack. Providing a quiet environment (choice B) is beneficial to reduce stimuli, but it may not address the immediate distress of an ongoing anxiety attack. Engaging the client in conversation (choice D) is generally not recommended during an anxiety attack as it can potentially exacerbate the symptoms by increasing stimulation.

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