Nursing Elites

1. The number of kilocalories provided by a food that contains 22g of fat is:

• A. 88
• B. 132
• C. 154
• D. 198

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Fat provides 9 kcal per gram, so 22 grams of fat will provide 198 kcal (22g * 9 kcal/g = 198 kcal). Choice A (88) is incorrect because it miscalculates the kcalories. Choice B (132) is incorrect as it does not consider the correct kcaloric value of fat. Choice C (154) is incorrect as it also does not calculate the kcalories accurately based on the fat content.

2. Where does gluconeogenesis occur?

• A. Muscles.
• B. Pancreas.
• C. Liver.
• D. Spleen.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Gluconeogenesis mainly occurs in the liver. It is a process where glucose is synthesized from non-carbohydrate sources such as amino acids and glycerol. The liver is the primary site for gluconeogenesis due to the presence of key enzymes and substrates required for this process. Muscles do not play a significant role in gluconeogenesis, making choice A incorrect. The pancreas is involved in the regulation of blood sugar levels through insulin and glucagon but is not the primary site for gluconeogenesis, so choice B is incorrect. The spleen is not a major organ involved in glucose metabolism, making choice D incorrect.

3. Exchange Lists for Meal Planning was devised by the American Dietetic Association in collaboration with which organization?

• A. the American Cancer Society
• B. the American Diabetes Association
• C. the American Heart Association
• D. the Culinary Institute of America

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: the American Diabetes Association. The American Dietetic Association collaborated with the American Diabetes Association to devise the Exchange Lists for Meal Planning. This collaboration aimed to assist individuals, especially those with diabetes, in planning balanced meals. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they were not involved in the development of the Exchange Lists.

4. Which of the following provides the best source of nutrients?

• A. specific food combinations.
• B. a variety of foods.
• C. individual foods.
• D. a variety of food supplements.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A variety of foods is the best source of nutrients because it ensures a balanced intake of all essential nutrients required by the body. Option A, specific food combinations, may not provide all necessary nutrients as relying on only a few types of food may lead to deficiencies. Option C, individual foods, also may not provide a complete range of nutrients necessary for overall health. Option D, a variety of food supplements, is not the best source of nutrients as whole foods are generally more beneficial due to their natural nutrient composition and bioavailability.

5. Which of the following is an example of a disaccharide?

• A. Glucose.
• B. Fructose.
• C. Galactose.
• D. Maltose.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Maltose. A disaccharide is formed when two monosaccharides are joined together. Glucose, fructose, and galactose are all monosaccharides, not disaccharides. Therefore, they are not examples of disaccharides.

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