Nursing Elites

1. The number of kilocalories provided by a food that contains 22g of fat is:

• A. 88
• B. 132
• C. 154
• D. 198

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Fat provides 9 kcal per gram, so 22 grams of fat will provide 198 kcal (22g * 9 kcal/g = 198 kcal). Choice A (88) is incorrect because it miscalculates the kcalories. Choice B (132) is incorrect as it does not consider the correct kcaloric value of fat. Choice C (154) is incorrect as it also does not calculate the kcalories accurately based on the fat content.

2. Which of the following is an example of a protein?

• A. Saline.
• B. Hemoglobin.
• C. Cellulose.
• D. Prostaglandins.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Hemoglobin is a protein that carries oxygen in the blood, making it the correct answer. Choice A, Saline, is a salt solution and not a protein. Choice C, Cellulose, is a complex carbohydrate found in the cell walls of plants, not a protein. Choice D, Prostaglandins, are lipid compounds with hormone-like effects, not proteins.

3. What is a primary function of macronutrients in the body?

• A. Regulate metabolic processes.
• B. Supply energy.
• C. Maintain homeostasis.
• D. Control cellular activity.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Supply energy. The primary function of macronutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins is to supply energy for various bodily functions. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because while regulating metabolic processes, maintaining homeostasis, and controlling cellular activity are essential functions in the body, they are not the primary roles of macronutrients. Macronutrients mainly serve as a source of energy to support daily activities and bodily functions.

4. The percentage of the total daily caloric intake for healthy persons that should be supplied by carbohydrate is:

• A. 10% to 35%.
• B. 20% to 35%.
• C. 40% to 55%.
• D. 45% to 65%.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: 45% to 65%. Carbohydrates should contribute between 45% to 65% of the total daily caloric intake for healthy individuals to maintain a balanced diet. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they suggest lower ranges, which may not provide sufficient energy from carbohydrates for overall health and well-being.

5. Pepsinogen secreted by the gastric cells is converted into pepsin by:

• A. enterokinase
• B. hydrochloric acid
• C. gastric lipase
• D. pancreatic lipase

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Pepsinogen is converted into its active form, pepsin, by hydrochloric acid in the stomach. Hydrochloric acid helps in unfolding the pepsinogen molecule to transform it into pepsin, which is crucial for protein digestion. Therefore, the correct answer is hydrochloric acid (choice B). Enterokinase (choice A) is an enzyme produced in the small intestine that activates trypsinogen into trypsin, not pepsinogen. Gastric lipase (choice C) is an enzyme that digests fats, not involved in converting pepsinogen to pepsin. Pancreatic lipase (choice D) is an enzyme produced by the pancreas that aids in breaking down fats in the small intestine, not part of the process of pepsin activation.

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