Nursing Elites

1. How many amino acids are considered indispensable or essential?

• A. 9
• B. 10
• C. 12
• D. 14

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 9. Nine amino acids are considered essential or indispensable because they cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained through the diet. These amino acids include histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as the number of essential amino acids is specifically 9, as they are crucial for various bodily functions.

2. What is the primary function of protein in the body?

• A. Provide energy.
• B. Regulate metabolic processes.
• C. Control muscle contractions.
• D. Build tissue.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The primary function of protein in the body is to build and repair tissues. Proteins are crucial for growth, maintenance, and repair of body tissues, including muscles, organs, and skin. While proteins can be a source of energy, their primary role is not to supply energy. Regulating metabolic processes and controlling muscle contractions are functions typically attributed to other nutrients and compounds in the body, such as vitamins and minerals.

3. Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the gallbladder to contract and release bile?

• A. gastric lipase
• B. cholecystokinin
• C. vitamin D
• D. enterokinin

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Cholecystokinin (CCK) is the correct answer. It is the hormone responsible for stimulating the gallbladder to contract and release bile to aid in fat digestion. Gastric lipase (Choice A) is an enzyme that breaks down fats in the stomach, not a hormone involved in gallbladder function. Vitamin D (Choice C) is important for calcium absorption and bone health, but it is not directly related to gallbladder function. Enterokinin (Choice D) is a peptide hormone that affects smooth muscle contractions in the gastrointestinal tract, but it is not specifically responsible for stimulating the gallbladder to release bile.

4. Which compound is necessary for emulsification of fat in the body?

• A. Bile salts
• B. Cholecystokinin
• C. Chyme
• D. Trypsin

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Bile salts are essential for emulsifying fats in the body. They break down fats into smaller droplets, increasing the surface area for enzymes to work on during digestion. Cholecystokinin is a hormone that stimulates the release of bile and pancreatic enzymes, but it is not directly involved in emulsification. Chyme is the semi-fluid mass of partly digested food that moves from the stomach to the small intestine and does not play a role in emulsifying fats. Trypsin is an enzyme produced by the pancreas that acts on proteins, not fats.

5. Where are sugar alcohols most likely to be found?

• A. Fermented foods.
• B. Low-calorie foods.
• C. Fruits and vegetables.
• D. Fiber supplements.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Sugar alcohols are commonly found in low-calorie foods as sweetening agents without the calorie content of regular sugars. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because sugar alcohols are not typically found in fermented foods, fruits, vegetables, or fiber supplements. Therefore, the correct answer is B.

Similar Questions