Nursing Elites

1. The healthcare provider prescribes 15 mg/kg of Streptomycin for an infant weighing 4 pounds. The drug is diluted in 25 ml of D5W to run over 8 hours. How much Streptomycin will the infant receive?

• A. 9 mg
• B. 18 mg
• C. 27 mg
• D. 36 mg

Correct answer: A

Rationale: To calculate the dosage, first, convert the weight from pounds to kg (4 lbs / 2.2 ≈ 1.82 kg). Then, multiply by the prescribed mg/kg (15 mg/kg * 1.82 kg ≈ 27.3 mg). However, since the question asks for the closest correct option, the infant will receive approximately 9 mg.

2. A patient with hyperthyroidism is to receive radioactive iodine therapy. What information should the nurse include in the patient teaching plan?

• A. Avoid close contact with pregnant women for one week.
• B. Take iodine supplement daily.
• C. Restrict fluid intake to 1 liter per day.
• D. Use disposable utensils for all meals.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is to avoid close contact with pregnant women for one week. This precaution is essential to prevent radiation exposure to vulnerable populations. Pregnant women and small children are more sensitive to radiation, making it crucial for patients undergoing radioactive iodine therapy to avoid close contact with them for a specified period. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because taking iodine supplements daily is not necessary for patients receiving radioactive iodine therapy. Restricting fluid intake to 1 liter per day is not a standard recommendation for radioactive iodine therapy. Using disposable utensils for all meals is not a specific precaution related to radioactive iodine therapy.

3. A client with portal hypertension who has developed ascites is scheduled for a paracentesis. What pre-procedure nursing intervention is essential?

• A. Encourage the client to empty the bladder
• B. Administer a laxative to clear the bowels
• C. Restrict the client's fluid intake
• D. Place the client in a supine position

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Emptying the bladder before a paracentesis is essential to prevent bladder injury during the procedure. A full bladder may be in the path of the needle insertion, increasing the risk of bladder puncture. Encouraging the client to empty the bladder ensures their safety and reduces the likelihood of complications.

4. A client with liver cirrhosis is prescribed lactulose. What is the purpose of this medication?

• A. To lower blood sugar levels
• B. To reduce ammonia levels
• C. To treat liver inflammation
• D. To improve bile flow

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Lactulose is prescribed to reduce ammonia levels in clients with liver cirrhosis. Elevated ammonia levels can lead to hepatic encephalopathy, a serious complication of liver cirrhosis. Lactulose works by acidifying the colon, which in turn traps ammonia in the colon and helps its elimination from the body through stool, thereby reducing the risk of hepatic encephalopathy. Choice A is incorrect because lactulose does not lower blood sugar levels. Choice C is incorrect as lactulose is not used to treat liver inflammation. Choice D is incorrect as lactulose does not improve bile flow.

5. What instruction should the nurse give regarding the administration of alendronate to a patient with osteoporosis?

• A. Take the medication with milk.
• B. Lie down for 30 minutes after taking the medication.
• C. Take the medication with a full glass of water.
• D. Take the medication before bedtime.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct instruction for administering alendronate to a patient with osteoporosis is to take the medication with a full glass of water first thing in the morning. It is important for the patient to remain upright for at least 30 minutes after taking the medication to prevent esophageal irritation. Taking alendronate with milk, lying down after intake, or taking it before bedtime can reduce the medication's effectiveness or increase the risk of side effects.

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