Nursing Elites

1. Consuming 30 g of which nutrient would provide the highest number of kcalories?

• A. Carbohydrates
• B. Fat
• C. Protein
• D. Micronutrients

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, 'Fat.' Fat provides 9 kcalories per gram, which is more than carbohydrates and proteins that provide 4 kcalories per gram each. Therefore, consuming 30 g of fat would yield a higher number of kcalories compared to the same amount of carbohydrates or proteins. Micronutrients do not significantly contribute to kcalories, making them an incorrect choice in this scenario.

2. What is the primary function of protein in the diet?

• A. supply energy.
• B. synthesize vitamins.
• C. build and repair tissue.
• D. store glycogen.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The primary function of protein in the diet is to build and repair tissues. Proteins are essential for the growth, maintenance, and repair of body tissues like muscles, skin, and organs. While proteins can be a source of energy, their primary role is not to supply energy, making choice A incorrect. Choice B is also incorrect as proteins do not synthesize vitamins; rather, they are essential nutrients themselves. Choice D is inaccurate because glycogen is a form of stored glucose in the body, not a function of protein.

3. What triggers the release of cholecystokinin (CCK)?

• A. Presence of food in the stomach.
• B. Presence of fat in the duodenum.
• C. Entry of acid chyme into the ileum.
• D. Entry of bile into the gallbladder.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Presence of fat in the duodenum. Cholecystokinin (CCK) is released in response to the presence of fat in the duodenum to aid in digestion by stimulating the release of bile from the gallbladder and enzymes from the pancreas. Options A, C, and D are incorrect because CCK is specifically released in response to the presence of fat in the duodenum, not food in the stomach, acid chyme in the ileum, or bile in the gallbladder.

4. Which of the following monosaccharides is considered one of the most important in human nutrition along with glucose and fructose?

• A. Lactose.
• B. Galactose.
• C. Maltose.
• D. Sucrose.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The most important monosaccharides in human nutrition are glucose, fructose, and galactose. Galactose is crucial as it is one of the main components of lactose, a disaccharide sugar found in milk. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect as lactose, maltose, and sucrose are disaccharides composed of two monosaccharide units.

5. The Dietary Guidelines are published and revised by the U.S. Department of Agriculture in association with the:

• A. Department of Health and Human Services.
• B. National Institutes of Health.
• C. National Academy of Sciences.
• D. Food and Nutrition Board.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. The U.S. Department of Agriculture collaborates with the Department of Health and Human Services to publish and revise the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. This collaboration ensures that the guidelines encompass both agricultural and health aspects. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they are not directly involved in the publication and revision of the Dietary Guidelines. The National Institutes of Health focuses on medical research, the National Academy of Sciences provides independent scientific advice, and the Food and Nutrition Board is a part of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine.

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