Nursing Elites

1. Where does the absorption of most nutrients occur?

• A. Large intestine.
• B. Small intestine.
• C. Stomach.
• D. Mouth.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The absorption of most nutrients occurs in the small intestine. This is where digested food is broken down further and absorbed into the bloodstream through the intestinal walls. The large intestine primarily absorbs water and electrolytes, while the stomach mainly aids in digestion by breaking down food with gastric juices. The mouth is responsible for the initial mechanical breakdown of food through chewing and the enzymatic action of saliva, but absorption does not occur there.

2. One characteristic of an essential fatty acid is that it:

• A. comes from a plant source.
• B. comes from an animal source.
• C. is not manufactured by the body.
• D. is manufactured by the body.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because essential fatty acids are not manufactured by the body and must be obtained through the diet. Choice A is incorrect because essential fatty acids can come from plant sources as well. Choice B is incorrect as essential fatty acids are primarily derived from plant sources. Choice D is incorrect because essential fatty acids cannot be produced by the body. Therefore, the only accurate statement is that essential fatty acids are not manufactured by the body.

3. What is the muscle layer on the outside of the intestinal wall called?

• A. serosa
• B. mucosa
• C. submucosa
• D. muscularis mucosae

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: serosa. The serosa is the outermost layer of the intestinal wall, providing a protective covering. Choice B, mucosa, is the innermost layer responsible for absorption. Choice C, submucosa, lies beneath the mucosa and contains blood vessels and nerves. Choice D, muscularis mucosae, is a smooth muscle layer located within the mucosa, helping to create folds in the intestinal lining to increase surface area for absorption.

4. Proteins from plant sources such as grains, nuts, and legumes are classified as:

• A. incomplete.
• B. complete.
• C. indispensable.
• D. dispensable.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'incomplete.' Proteins from plant sources like grains, nuts, and legumes are considered incomplete because they often lack one or more essential amino acids required by the body. Choice B, 'complete,' is incorrect because complete proteins contain all essential amino acids in adequate amounts. Choice C, 'indispensable,' is incorrect as it refers to essential amino acids rather than the classification of plant proteins. Choice D, 'dispensable,' is also incorrect as it implies that these proteins are not necessary, which is not the case.

5. Which of the following sugars tastes the sweetest?

• A. Glucose
• B. Sucrose
• C. Galactose
• D. Fructose

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Fructose is known to be the sweetest among naturally occurring sugars. While glucose, sucrose, and galactose also have sweet tastes, fructose is commonly perceived as the sweetest due to its higher level of sweetness. Glucose is a simple sugar found in many carbohydrates; sucrose is table sugar composed of glucose and fructose; galactose is a component of lactose found in dairy products. However, when comparing the sweetness levels of these sugars, fructose stands out as the sweetest.

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