HESI LPN
Community Health HESI Practice Exam
1. The emphasis of community health nursing is on:
- A. treatment of health problems
- B. preventing problems and promoting optimum health
- C. identification and assessment of health problems
- D. illness end of the wellness-illness continuum
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Community health nursing primarily focuses on preventive measures and promoting overall health within a community. Choice A is incorrect as treatment is not the main emphasis. Choice C is incorrect as identification and assessment are steps that may be involved but not the main focus. Choice D is incorrect as it refers to the illness end rather than the preventive end of the wellness-illness continuum.
2. The nurse is planning care for a client with pneumococcal pneumonia. Which of the following would be most effective in removing respiratory secretions?
- A. Administration of cough suppressants
- B. Increasing oral fluid intake to 3000 cc per day
- C. Maintaining bed rest with bathroom privileges
- D. Performing chest physiotherapy twice a day
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Increasing oral fluid intake to 3000 cc per day is the most effective in removing respiratory secretions in a client with pneumococcal pneumonia. Adequate hydration helps thin secretions, making them easier to expectorate. Administration of cough suppressants (Choice A) may hinder the removal of secretions by suppressing the cough reflex. Maintaining bed rest with bathroom privileges (Choice C) is important but does not directly address the removal of respiratory secretions. Performing chest physiotherapy (Choice D) is beneficial for mobilizing secretions but may not be as effective as increasing fluid intake in thinning and facilitating the removal of secretions.
3. A nurse is practicing community health nursing when:
- A. leading a support group for obese adolescents
- B. visiting an old woman in her condominium to change her postsurgical dressing
- C. being in a clinic instructing a couple about newborn care
- D. performing any of these activities
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Correct! Community health nursing involves a broad scope of activities that focus on promoting and preserving the health of populations rather than individuals. This includes leading support groups, providing home care, and educating communities. The other options represent different aspects of nursing care such as home health nursing, wound care, and maternal-child health - which are not exclusive to community health nursing.
4. A client with cirrhosis of the liver is experiencing ascites. The nurse should implement which of the following interventions?
- A. Restrict fluid intake
- B. Increase sodium intake
- C. Encourage high-protein diet
- D. Administer diuretics
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Corrected Rationale: Ascites, the accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity, is a common complication of cirrhosis. Diuretics are the primary intervention to manage ascites by promoting the excretion of excess fluid from the body, thus reducing abdominal swelling. Restricting fluid intake (Choice A) would not be appropriate as it may lead to dehydration. Increasing sodium intake (Choice B) is contraindicated as it can worsen fluid retention. Encouraging a high-protein diet (Choice C) is not directly related to managing ascites.
5. The nurse is assigned to a client with Parkinson's disease. Which findings would the nurse anticipate?
- A. Non-intention tremors and urgency with voiding
- B. Echolalia and a shuffling gait
- C. Muscle spasm and a bent-over posture
- D. Intention tremor and jerky movement of the elbows
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Echolalia (repeating others' words) and a shuffling gait are common symptoms of Parkinson's disease. These symptoms result from the degeneration of the basal ganglia in the brain that controls movement and speech. Choice A is incorrect because non-intention tremors are not typically associated with Parkinson's disease. Choice C is incorrect as muscle spasm and a bent-over posture are not classic manifestations of Parkinson's disease. Choice D is incorrect since intention tremors and jerky movement of the elbows are not characteristic of Parkinson's disease.
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