Nursing Elites

1. Sputum examination is the major screening tool for pulmonary tuberculosis. Clients may sometimes receive false negative results in this exam. This means that the test is not perfect in terms of which characteristic of a diagnostic examination?

• A. Effectiveness
• B. Efficacy
• C. Specificity
• D. Sensitivity

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Sensitivity is the ability of a diagnostic test to correctly identify individuals with the disease. A test with high sensitivity will rarely give false negative results, as it will detect almost all positive cases. In the context of the given scenario, false negative results indicate that the test is lacking in sensitivity to pick up all cases of pulmonary tuberculosis, leading to some cases being missed.

2. According to Margaret Shetland, the philosophy of public health nursing is based on which of the following?

• A. Health and longevity as birthrights
• B. The mandate of the state to protect the birthrights of its citizens
• C. Public health nursing as a specialized field of nursing
• D. The worth and dignity of man

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Dr. Margaret Shetland emphasized that the philosophy of public health nursing is rooted in the belief in the worth and dignity of every individual. This principle underscores the core values of public health nursing, focusing on respect for human life and the promotion of health for all individuals, regardless of their background or circumstances.

3. Which statistic best reflects the nutritional status of a population?

• A. 1-4 year old age-specific mortality rate
• B. Proportionate mortality rate
• C. Infant mortality rate
• D. Swaroop’s index

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The most appropriate statistic to reflect the nutritional status of a population is the 1-4 year old age-specific mortality rate. This age group is highly susceptible to the effects of malnutrition, so a population with poor nutritional status is likely to have a high 1-4 year old age-specific mortality rate, also known as child mortality rate.

4. Which of the following practices can help reduce the transmission of HIV from mother to child?

• A. Exclusive breastfeeding
• B. Administering antiretroviral therapy
• C. Using unsterilized medical equipment
• D. Avoiding prenatal care

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Administering antiretroviral therapy to HIV-positive mothers is a crucial practice to reduce the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Antiretroviral therapy helps lower the viral load in the mother's body, decreasing the chance of passing the virus to the child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding. Exclusive breastfeeding, using unsterilized medical equipment, and avoiding prenatal care do not directly contribute to reducing HIV transmission from mother to child.

5. During prenatal consultation, a client asked you if she can have her delivery at home. After history taking and physical examination, you advised her against a home delivery. Which of the following findings disqualifies her for a home delivery?

• A. Her OB score is G5P3
• B. She has some palmar pallor
• C. Her blood pressure is 130/80
• D. Her baby is in cephalic presentation

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. An OB score of G5P3 indicates that the client has had five pregnancies and three live births, making her ineligible for a home delivery. Typically, women with fewer pregnancies are considered better candidates for home deliveries due to lower risks. Additionally, primigravidas are usually advised to deliver at a medical facility for their first pregnancy.

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