Nursing Elites

1. What is one function of essential fatty acids?

• A. improve skin integrity.
• B. control lipid digestion.
• C. reduce blood clotting time.
• D. form chylomicrons.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Essential fatty acids play a crucial role in improving skin integrity by supporting the structure and function of cell membranes. This helps in maintaining healthy skin and promoting overall well-being. The other choices are incorrect because essential fatty acids do not directly control lipid digestion, reduce blood clotting time, or form chylomicrons.

2. The valve that controls the passage of chyme from the small intestine into the cecum is called the:

• A. ileocecal valve.
• B. pyloric valve.
• C. cardiac valve.
• D. hepatic valve.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: ileocecal valve. The ileocecal valve is located between the small intestine and the cecum, controlling the passage of chyme. The pyloric valve (choice B) is located between the stomach and the small intestine, regulating the passage of food from the stomach to the small intestine. The cardiac valve (choice C) refers to the valve between the esophagus and the stomach. The hepatic valve (choice D) is not a correct term related to the passage of chyme from the small intestine into the cecum.

3. Which of the following provides the best source of nutrients?

• A. specific food combinations.
• B. a variety of foods.
• C. individual foods.
• D. a variety of food supplements.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A variety of foods is the best source of nutrients because it ensures a balanced intake of all essential nutrients required by the body. Option A, specific food combinations, may not provide all necessary nutrients as relying on only a few types of food may lead to deficiencies. Option C, individual foods, also may not provide a complete range of nutrients necessary for overall health. Option D, a variety of food supplements, is not the best source of nutrients as whole foods are generally more beneficial due to their natural nutrient composition and bioavailability.

4. What are the rhythmic contractions that propel food through the intestinal tract called?

• A. Segmentation
• B. Peristalsis
• C. Cardiospasm
• D. Pendular movements

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Peristalsis is the correct answer because it refers to the rhythmic contractions that propel food through the intestinal tract by pushing it along the digestive system. Segmentation, on the other hand, refers to the mixing movements in the intestines rather than the forward movement of food. Cardiospasm is a condition characterized by difficulty swallowing due to the inability of the esophagus to relax, and pendular movements are a type of motility found in the small intestine but do not specifically refer to the propulsion of food.

5. The process of photosynthesis is responsible for the synthesis of:

• A. carbohydrates.
• B. proteins.
• C. fats.
• D. vitamins.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: carbohydrates. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy, usually from the sun, into chemical energy stored in glucose (a type of carbohydrate). This glucose is used by the organisms for energy production and as a building block for other organic compounds. Choice B, proteins, is incorrect because proteins are synthesized through a different process involving amino acids. Choice C, fats, are not directly synthesized through photosynthesis; they are typically formed from excess carbohydrates. Choice D, vitamins, are organic compounds that are required in small amounts for various physiological functions but are not directly synthesized through photosynthesis.

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