Nursing Elites

1. Which compound is necessary for emulsification of fat in the body?

• A. Bile salts
• B. Cholecystokinin
• C. Chyme
• D. Trypsin

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Bile salts are essential for emulsifying fats in the body. They break down fats into smaller droplets, increasing the surface area for enzymes to work on during digestion. Cholecystokinin is a hormone that stimulates the release of bile and pancreatic enzymes, but it is not directly involved in emulsification. Chyme is the semi-fluid mass of partly digested food that moves from the stomach to the small intestine and does not play a role in emulsifying fats. Trypsin is an enzyme produced by the pancreas that acts on proteins, not fats.

2. The valve that controls the passage of chyme from the small intestine into the cecum is called the:

• A. ileocecal valve.
• B. pyloric valve.
• C. cardiac valve.
• D. hepatic valve.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: ileocecal valve. The ileocecal valve is located between the small intestine and the cecum, controlling the passage of chyme. The pyloric valve (choice B) is located between the stomach and the small intestine, regulating the passage of food from the stomach to the small intestine. The cardiac valve (choice C) refers to the valve between the esophagus and the stomach. The hepatic valve (choice D) is not a correct term related to the passage of chyme from the small intestine into the cecum.

3. In addition to protein, which nutrients contribute to the building and repair of tissue?

• A. Vitamins
• B. Carbohydrates
• C. Fats
• D. Enzymes

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Vitamins. Vitamins play a crucial role in tissue building and repair along with protein. Carbohydrates (choice B) are primarily a source of energy and not directly involved in tissue building. Fats (choice C) are important for energy storage and insulation but are not the main contributors to tissue building. Enzymes (choice D) are biological catalysts and do not directly contribute to tissue building and repair.

4. What are oligosaccharides composed of?

• A. 3 to 10 monosaccharide units.
• B. large portions of partially digested starch.
• C. nonnutritive sweeteners.
• D. used for weight management.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Oligosaccharides are carbohydrates composed of 3 to 10 monosaccharide units, making choice A the correct answer. Choice B is incorrect as oligosaccharides do not contain partially digested starch. Choice C is incorrect as nonnutritive sweeteners are a different category of compounds. Choice D is incorrect as oligosaccharides are not primarily used for weight management.

5. Which mineral helps strengthen tooth enamel and prevent dental caries?

• A. Calcium
• B. Phosphorus
• C. Fluoride
• D. Zinc

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, Fluoride. Fluoride is a mineral known for its ability to strengthen tooth enamel and prevent dental caries. While calcium (Choice A) is essential for strong bones and teeth, it is not specifically known for preventing dental caries. Phosphorus (Choice B) is crucial for bone health but is not directly associated with preventing dental caries. Zinc (Choice D) is not typically recognized for strengthening tooth enamel or preventing dental caries.

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