Nursing Elites

1. What is the chemical structure that forms the base component of an amino acid?

• A. carboxyl group
• B. carbon chain
• C. radicals
• D. amino group

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is the amino group. Amino acids consist of an amino group (NH2), a carboxyl group (COOH), a hydrogen atom, and a variable side chain attached to a central carbon atom. The amino group is essential for the formation of proteins. The carboxyl group is not the base component but another important functional group in amino acids. Carbon chain and radicals are not specific chemical structures that form the base component of an amino acid.

2. What is the primary function of protein in the body?

• A. Provide energy.
• B. Regulate metabolic processes.
• C. Control muscle contractions.
• D. Build tissue.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The primary function of protein in the body is to build and repair tissues. Proteins are crucial for growth, maintenance, and repair of body tissues, including muscles, organs, and skin. While proteins can be a source of energy, their primary role is not to supply energy. Regulating metabolic processes and controlling muscle contractions are functions typically attributed to other nutrients and compounds in the body, such as vitamins and minerals.

3. Which of the following foods is high in indispensable amino acids?

• A. Lentils
• B. Tofu
• C. Peanuts
• D. Eggs

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, eggs. Eggs are considered a high-quality protein source as they are rich in indispensable amino acids. Lentils, tofu, and peanuts also contain protein but are not as high in indispensable amino acids as eggs, making them less complete protein sources.

4. Regurgitation or reflux of acidic stomach contents back into the esophagus is known as:

• A. hiatal hernia.
• B. diverticulitis.
• C. gastroenteritis.
• D. gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). GERD occurs when stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, causing symptoms like heartburn and regurgitation. Choice A, hiatal hernia, is a condition where part of the stomach pushes up into the chest through an opening in the diaphragm. Choice B, diverticulitis, is inflammation or infection of small pouches that can form in the lining of the digestive system. Choice C, gastroenteritis, is inflammation of the stomach and intestines typically caused by a viral or bacterial infection. Therefore, only choice D accurately describes the regurgitation or reflux of acidic stomach contents back into the esophagus.

5. What is the basis of MyPlate food guidance?

• A. Percentage of calories from each macronutrient.
• B. Exchange Lists for Meal Planning.
• C. Appropriate amounts of food from each food group.
• D. Amounts of macronutrients and micronutrients.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Appropriate amounts of food from each food group.' MyPlate food guidance focuses on portion sizes from different food groups to promote a balanced diet. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because MyPlate emphasizes the consumption of a variety of foods from different food groups rather than focusing solely on macronutrient percentages, exchange lists, or specific nutrient amounts.

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