Nursing Elites

1. What does nuclear binding energy represent?

• A. Separate an electron from its atom
• B. Separate protons and neutrons within a nucleus
• C. Cause nuclear fission
• D. Induce nuclear fusion

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Nuclear binding energy represents the energy required to hold protons and neutrons together within a nucleus. This energy is needed to overcome the electrostatic repulsion between positively charged protons and keep the nucleus stable. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Choice A relates to ionization energy, which is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom. Choices C and D refer to nuclear reactions (fission and fusion), which involve processes different from the concept of nuclear binding energy.

2. Which of the following is NOT a function of the cilia lining the respiratory tract?

• A. Trapping inhaled dust and debris
• B. Moistening inhaled air
• C. Producing mucus
• D. Propelling mucus upwards towards the throat

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Moistening inhaled air. The cilia lining the respiratory tract primarily function to trap inhaled dust and debris, produce mucus, and propel the mucus upwards towards the throat for removal. Moistening inhaled air is primarily done by the mucous membranes in the nasal passages, which contain blood vessels that help warm and humidify the air as it passes through the nasal cavity. Therefore, the function of moistening inhaled air is not directly associated with the cilia in the respiratory tract, making it the correct choice in this scenario. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they are all functions carried out by the cilia in the respiratory tract.

3. Which system's primary function is protection, sensory reception, thermoregulation, osmoregulation, insulation, and vitamin D absorption?

• A. Nervous system
• B. Integumentary system
• C. Endocrine system
• D. Digestive system

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is the Integumentary system (Option B). The integumentary system, which includes the skin, hair, nails, and glands, serves various functions such as providing protection against external factors, sensory reception, regulating body temperature (thermoregulation), maintaining water balance (osmoregulation), insulating the body, and absorbing vitamin D from sunlight. The nervous system (Option A) is responsible for transmitting signals throughout the body. The endocrine system (Option C) produces and secretes hormones to regulate bodily functions. The digestive system (Option D) is involved in breaking down food for nutrient absorption. Therefore, the primary functions described in the question align with those of the integumentary system, making it the correct choice.

4. Which of the following types of muscle tissue is found attached to bones and allows for voluntary movement?

• A. Smooth muscle
• B. Cardiac muscle
• C. Skeletal muscle
• D. Connective tissue

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle is attached to bones and allows for voluntary movement, such as walking, running, and lifting objects. Smooth muscle, found in the walls of internal organs and blood vessels, is responsible for involuntary movements. Cardiac muscle is specific to the heart and controls involuntary contraction. Connective tissue, on the other hand, provides support and connects different structures in the body, but it is not responsible for voluntary movement like skeletal muscle.

5. What happens to the density of a substance if its mass increases while its volume remains constant?

• A. Density increases
• B. Density decreases
• C. Density remains constant
• D. Density becomes zero

Correct answer: A

Rationale: When the mass of a substance increases while its volume remains constant, the density, which is calculated by dividing mass by volume, will increase. This is because with a higher mass and the volume staying the same, the ratio of mass to volume (density) will be greater, resulting in an overall increase in density. Choice B, 'Density decreases,' is incorrect because an increase in mass with constant volume leads to a higher density. Choice C, 'Density remains constant,' is incorrect as an increase in mass will cause the density to increase. Choice D, 'Density becomes zero,' is incorrect because even with an increase in mass, as long as volume remains constant, density will not reach zero; it will increase instead.

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