Nursing Elites

1. What do Newton's rings visually demonstrate?

• A. Diffraction
• B. Doppler effect
• C. Polarization
• D. Thin-film interference

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Newton's rings are a series of concentric colored rings observed when light is reflected between a spherical surface and a flat surface. This phenomenon is a result of thin-film interference, where light waves reflecting off the two surfaces interfere with each other constructively or destructively, leading to the observed pattern of rings. Diffraction, polarization, and the Doppler effect are not related to the specific phenomenon of Newton's rings. Diffraction refers to the bending of waves around obstacles, polarization deals with the orientation of electromagnetic waves, and the Doppler effect relates to the change in frequency of waves due to motion. Therefore, the correct answer is thin-film interference, as it precisely describes the phenomenon observed in Newton's rings.

2. What type of bond is formed when electrons are transferred between atoms?

• A. Transfer bond
• B. Static bond
• C. Covalent bond
• D. Ionic bond

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'D: Ionic bond.' An ionic bond is formed when electrons are transferred between atoms. In an ionic bond, one atom donates electrons to another atom, resulting in the formation of positively and negatively charged ions that are attracted to each other, creating a strong bond. Choice A, 'Transfer bond,' is incorrect because there is no common term known as a 'Transfer bond' in chemistry. Choice B, 'Static bond,' is incorrect as it does not describe the process of electron transfer between atoms. Choice C, 'Covalent bond,' is incorrect because in a covalent bond, electrons are shared between atoms rather than transferred outright, making it different from an ionic bond.

3. When ethanol (C₂H₅OH) reacts with sodium metal (Na), what is the product?

• A. Ethene (C₂H₄)
• B. Sodium ethoxide (C₂H₅ONa)
• C. Ethane (C₂H₆)
• D. Sodium acetate (CH₃COONa)

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When ethanol (C₂H₅OH) reacts with sodium metal (Na), the product formed is Sodium ethoxide (C₂H₅ONa). This reaction is a classic example of a metal displacing hydrogen in an alcohol to form an alkoxide. In this specific case, sodium replaces the hydrogen in ethanol, resulting in the formation of sodium ethoxide. Choice A, Ethene (C₂H₄), is incorrect as it is a different compound formed from the dehydration of ethanol, not its reaction with sodium. Choice C, Ethane (C₂H₆), is incorrect as it is a saturated hydrocarbon, not the product of the reaction of ethanol with sodium metal. Choice D, Sodium acetate (CH₃COONa), is incorrect as it involves acetic acid, not ethanol, reacting with sodium to form the salt sodium acetate.

4. Which part of the neuron is responsible for transmitting signals away from the cell body and toward other neurons or muscles?

• A. Axon
• B. Dendrite
• C. Synapse
• D. Myelin sheath

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The axon is the part of the neuron responsible for transmitting signals away from the cell body and toward other neurons or muscles. It is a long, slender projection covered by the myelin sheath, which speeds up signal transmission. Dendrites, on the other hand, receive signals from other neurons and transmit them toward the cell body. The synapse is the junction between two neurons where communication occurs, but it is not responsible for transmitting signals away from the cell body.

5. What property of matter determines its resistance to changes in shape or size?

• A. Solid
• B. Liquid
• C. Gas
• D. Plasma

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Solid.' Solids have a definite shape and volume, providing them with a strong resistance to changes in shape or size. Liquids and gases do not have a definite shape, making them prone to changing shape or size easily. Plasmas, on the other hand, are ionized gases with high energy levels and lack a definite shape or volume, which does not contribute to resistance against changes in shape or size. Therefore, the properties of solids make them best suited for resisting changes in shape or size compared to liquids, gases, and plasmas.

Similar Questions